### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maʼămar**, represented by `{{H3982}}`, means something authoritatively said, such as an edict, **commandment**, or **decree**. It is a specific term derived from the word for "to say." Despite its powerful meaning, it is used sparingly, appearing only **3 times** across **3 unique verses**, all within the book of Esther.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{H3982}}` exclusively denotes a binding command issued by a person in authority. It is first used to describe the **commandment** of King Ahasuerus, which Queen Vashti refused to perform, leading to her removal [[Esther 1:15]]. Later, the same word describes the personal **commandment** of Mordecai, which Esther faithfully obeyed even after becoming queen [[Esther 2:20]]. Finally, it signifies the official **decree** of Esther herself, which confirmed the traditions of Purim and had them written into a book [[Esther 9:32]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a broader context for the concept of commands and actions:
* `{{H1881}}` **dâth**: This word for a royal edict, **decree**, or **law** is often used alongside royal commands in Esther. It refers to the "king's laws" that were allegedly being ignored [[Esther 3:8]] and the written **decree** for the destruction of the Jews [[Esther 4:8]].
* `{{H6213}}` **ʻâsâh**: This primitive root means **to do or make** in the widest sense. It is the action word connected to a **maʼămar**, as seen when Esther "did the commandment" of Mordecai [[Esther 2:20]] and when Vashti "hath not performed the commandment" of the king [[Esther 1:15]].
* `{{H6680}}` **tsâvâh**: Meaning to enjoin or **command**, this is the verb form of giving a charge. This is seen when Mordecai "had charged" Esther to keep her identity a secret, a command she continued to obey [[Esther 2:20]]. It is also used when God gives a **command** to his prophets and people [[Jeremiah 7:23]].
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H3982}}` is rooted in the themes of authority and obedience within the narrative of Esther.
* **Human Authority**: The word is exclusively tied to commands from human figures—a king, a queen, and a guardian. It underscores the power of spoken and written directives to shape events and determine fates within the political and social structure.
* **Obedience and Consequence**: The response to a **maʼămar** carries significant weight. Vashti's disobedience to the king's **commandment** results in her downfall [[Esther 1:15]], while Esther's obedience to Mordecai's **commandment** is presented as a consistent and virtuous character trait [[Esther 2:20]].
* **Establishing Ordinance**: A **maʼămar** is not just a temporary order but can establish a permanent statute. The **decree** of Esther serves to formally confirm the "matters of Purim," ensuring their official and lasting observance [[Esther 9:32]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H3982}}` is a precise and potent term for an authoritative decree. Though its use is confined to the book of Esther, it powerfully illustrates how a command from a recognized authority—whether a king's edict or a guardian's charge—carries the force of law. It highlights the direct relationship between a spoken or written word and its tangible consequences, capable of altering personal destinies and establishing national traditions.
TRV