The Hebrew word leshem, represented by H3958, is a term for a specific gem, identified as a ligure or perhaps a jacinth. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Its meaning is derived from an unused root of uncertain meaning, and its biblical usage is confined to the description of a precious stone set in the priestly breastplate.
In the biblical narrative, H3958 is mentioned exclusively in the context of the sacred garments made for the high priest. Both occurrences specify its placement on the priestly ephod. It is listed as the first stone in the third H7992 row H2905 of the breastplate, alongside the agate H7618 and the amethyst H306 (Exodus 28:19, Exodus 39:12).
Several related words clarify the context in which leshem appears:
- H2905 ṭûwr (row): This word specifies the arrangement of the gems on the breastplate. The ligure is part of the third row Exodus 28:19.
- H7992 shᵉlîyshîy (third): This ordinal number defines the specific row where the ligure was set Exodus 39:12.
- H7618 shᵉbûw (agate): This word names the second gem set in the same row as the ligure, described as a gem known for its sparkle Exodus 28:19.
- H306 ʼachlâmâh (amethyst): This identifies the third gem in the row with the ligure and agate, believed to be the amethyst Exodus 39:12.
The theological significance of H3958 is tied directly to its role as one of the stones on the high priest's breastplate.
- Divine Order: The placement of the ligure in a specific third H7992 row H2905 underscores the meticulous detail and divine command behind the construction of the tabernacle and priestly garments Exodus 28:19.
- Priestly Representation: As part of the ephod, the ligure, along with the other stones, was part of the high priest's attire as he ministered before the LORD. The collection of distinct gems set together in rows represented a unified whole.
In summary, H3958 leshem is a highly specific term for a gem, the ligure, with a very narrow biblical application. Its two appearances are identical, placing it on the third H7992 row H2905 of the high priest's breastplate (Exodus 28:19; Exodus 39:12). While the exact nature of the stone is uncertain, its context within a divinely mandated arrangement of precious stones highlights its role in the symbolic representation and sacred order of Israel's worship.
TRV