The Hebrew word lôṭ, represented by H3910, refers to myrrh, specifically a type of gum, likely ladanum, derived from its sticky nature. It is a rare term, appearing only 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Old Testament, where it is consistently listed as a valuable commodity.
In its biblical usage, H3910 is found exclusively within the book of Genesis, where it functions as a prized product of the land. It is first mentioned as one of the goods being transported by a caravan of Ishmaelites from Gilead down to Egypt, alongside spicery and balm Genesis 37:25. This context establishes it as a significant item of ancient commerce. Later, Jacob instructs his sons to carry myrrh as part of a present to the ruler of Egypt, listing it among the "best fruits in the land" Genesis 43:11, highlighting its value as a diplomatic gift.
Several related words appear alongside H3910, painting a picture of valuable aromatic goods:
- H6875 tsᵉrîy (balm): This word for balsam or a distilled substance is mentioned in the same list as myrrh in both of its occurrences (Genesis 37:25, Genesis 43:11), indicating they were often traded together.
- H5219 nᵉkôʼth (spicery(-ces)): Described as an aromatic gum, this word also appears directly with myrrh in the cargo of the Ishmaelites and in Jacob's gift to Egypt (Genesis 37:25, Genesis 43:11).
The significance of H3910 is rooted in its cultural and economic value rather than in direct theological doctrine.
- Valuable Commodity: Its inclusion in the Ishmaelite caravan's cargo demonstrates its role as a key product in ancient trade routes, particularly between Gilead and Egypt Genesis 37:25.
- A Prized Gift: The selection of myrrh by Jacob as part of a precious gift intended to appease a powerful foreign leader underscores its high worth and status Genesis 43:11.
- Product of Canaan: Jacob's description of it as one of the "best fruits in the land" suggests it was a recognized and valuable product of the region, suitable for representing its wealth.
In summary, H3910 is a specific term for myrrh or ladanum gum that, while rare, provides a clear insight into the material culture of the patriarchal era. Its two appearances firmly define it as a valuable commodity for both trade and tribute. It consistently appears with other aromatics like balm and spices, illustrating its place among the precious goods of the ancient Near East.
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