(Aramaic) a root of uncertain correspondence; to fetter; bind.
Transliteration:kᵉphath
Pronunciation:kef-ath'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Aramaic word kᵉphath (כְּפַת), Strong's number `{{H3729}}`, functions as a root verb whose core meaning is "to bind" or "to fetter." This term denotes the action of securing or restraining someone or something, typically with ropes, chains, or other physical means. While its etymological correspondence to other Semitic roots may be uncertain, its semantic range within biblical Aramaic is clear: it refers to the act of physically restricting movement or freedom, often as a prelude to punishment or imprisonment. It implies an application of force to subdue or control.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term kᵉphath (כְּפַת) occurs exclusively in the book of Daniel, within its Aramaic sections, and specifically in the narrative of the fiery furnace. Its two appearances are pivotal to the unfolding drama:
* **[[Daniel 3:20]]**: "And he commanded certain mighty men of valor who were in his army to bind (לְמִכְפַּת) Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, and cast them into the burning fiery furnace." Here, the infinitive form of kᵉphath describes the direct command given by King Nebuchadnezzar. The binding is an act of human authority and power, intended to render the three men helpless and ensure their execution for defying the king's decree.
* **[[Daniel 3:21]]**: "Then these men were bound (כְּפִיתִין) in their cloaks, their tunics, their hats, and their other garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery furnace." This verse uses the passive participle form of kᵉphath, emphasizing the state of being bound. The detail that they were bound "in their cloaks, their tunics, their hats, and their other garments" highlights the thoroughness of the binding and, remarkably, sets the stage for the miraculous preservation of their clothing within the furnace, even as the bonds themselves were consumed.
In both contexts, kᵉphath underscores the absolute power wielded by the earthly monarch and the apparent helplessness of those subjected to his decree. The binding is an act of human judgment and a prelude to what was intended to be their demise.
### Related Words & Concepts
The concept of "binding" is a recurring motif in biblical literature, expressed through various terms depending on the language and specific nuance:
* **Hebrew Equivalents**:
* `{{H631}}` ('asar): This is the most common Hebrew verb for "to bind," used broadly for binding prisoners ([[Genesis 42:24]]), animals ([[Genesis 49:11]]), or even for covenant oaths ([[Numbers 30:2]]). It shares the core semantic range of physical restraint.
* `{{H4147}}` (musar): While primarily meaning "discipline" or "instruction," it can also relate to "bonds" or "fetters" in some contexts, implying restraint.
* `{{H270}}` ('achaz): Can mean "to grasp" or "to seize," but also implies a strong hold or binding.
* **Aramaic Context**: While kᵉphath is unique in its specific appearances, the general idea of restraint and authority is common in biblical Aramaic texts, particularly concerning royal decrees and legal pronouncements.
* **Theological Concepts**: The act of binding often symbolizes:
* **Imprisonment and Captivity**: The physical state of being held against one's will, often due to sin, war, or injustice.
* **Subjugation and Oppression**: The power dynamic where one entity imposes its will and control over another.
* **Spiritual Bondage**: In a broader theological sense, being bound by sin, fear, or demonic influence (e.g., the New Testament concept of "binding and loosing" in `{{G1210}}` deo, related to spiritual authority).
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of kᵉphath (כְּפַת) in Daniel 3 is profound. The binding of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego by human command serves as a stark theological contrast to God's ultimate power and freedom.
1. **Human Power vs. Divine Sovereignty**: The act of binding demonstrates the extent of Nebuchadnezzar's earthly power and his intent to enforce his decree. However, the subsequent miracle in the furnace, where the bonds themselves are consumed while the men remain unharmed and even walk freely within the flames ([[Daniel 3:25]]), powerfully illustrates God's absolute sovereignty over human authority and physical laws. The very means intended to ensure their destruction became a testament to divine preservation.
2. **Faith in Adversity**: The willingness of the three men to be bound rather than compromise their faith underscores their unwavering trust in God. Their physical restraint becomes a symbol of their spiritual freedom and commitment to their Creator, regardless of the consequences.
3. **Deliverance and Vindication**: The unbinding within the fire signifies divine deliverance and vindication. It is a tangible demonstration that God is able to save His faithful servants even from the most extreme forms of human oppression and execution. The bonds, representing human malice and power, were rendered utterly impotent by God's intervention.
4. **Symbol of God's Control**: Ultimately, the narrative involving kᵉphath highlights that while humans may attempt to bind and control, God holds ultimate control over all circumstances, even the elements of fire. He can break any bond, physical or metaphorical, to achieve His purposes and glorify His name.
### Summary
The Aramaic word kᵉphath (כְּפַת), found in [[Daniel 3:20]] and [[Daniel 3:21]], precisely means "to bind" or "to fetter." Its sole occurrences describe the physical act of restraining Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego under King Nebuchadnezzar's command, prior to their being cast into the fiery furnace. While denoting a simple physical action, kᵉphath serves as a critical element in the theological narrative of Daniel 3. It represents human authority and the intent to subjugate and destroy, setting the stage for a dramatic display of divine intervention. The miraculous unbinding of the men *within* the flames, while their garments remained intact, powerfully contrasts human limitation with God's limitless power. Thus, kᵉphath symbolizes not only the vulnerability of the faithful in the face of earthly tyranny but, more profoundly, the ultimate triumph of divine sovereignty and deliverance over all human bonds and destructive intentions.
TRV