### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **kinnôwr**, represented by `{{H3658}}`, is defined as a **harp**. The term comes from an unused root meaning to twang. It appears 42 times across 41 unique verses in the Bible, primarily as a stringed instrument used in contexts of worship, prophecy, and both joyous and sorrowful expression.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The **kinnôwr** `{{H3658}}` is integral to various biblical scenes, most notably in worship and praise. It was a key instrument for the Levites appointed by David for temple service, used alongside psalteries and cymbals to prophesy and give thanks ([[1 Chronicles 25:1]], [[1 Chronicles 25:3]]). The Psalms frequently call for praising God with the **harp** ([[Psalms 33:2]], [[Psalms 147:7]]). Beyond formal worship, the **harp** was used to soothe King Saul when an evil spirit was upon him, with David's playing bringing relief [[1 Samuel 16:23]]. It also appears in contexts of both celebration [[Genesis 31:27]] and lamentation, as when Job's **harp** is "turned to mourning" [[Job 30:31]] or when the exiles in Babylon hang their **harps** by the willows [[Psalms 137:2]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several words for musical instruments and praise are often found alongside the **kinnôwr**, creating a fuller picture of biblical music:
* `{{H5035}}` **nebel** (psaltery, viol): This is a lyre or skin-bag instrument, frequently mentioned with the **harp** in Levitical worship and praise ([[Psalms 33:2]], [[1 Chronicles 15:16]]).
* `{{H4700}}` **mᵉtsêleth** (cymbals): Described as double tinklers, these percussion instruments were part of the temple orchestra, used with **harps** and psalteries during dedications and services ([[Nehemiah 12:27]], [[2 Chronicles 5:12]]).
* `{{H8596}}` **tôph** (timbrel, tabret): A tambourine used in both joyful praise and celebratory processions, often accompanying the **harp** ([[Psalms 149:3]], [[Genesis 31:27]]).
* `{{H7892}}` **shîyr** (song, singing): This term for a song or singing is the vocal expression that the **harp** and other instruments were designed to accompany [[1 Chronicles 25:6]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H3658}}` is tied to its role in the expression of Israel's relationship with God.
* **A Conduit for Praise:** The **kinnôwr** is a primary instrument for offering praise and thanksgiving to God. It is frequently commanded for use in worship, joining with psalms to glorify the Lord ([[Psalms 33:2]], [[Psalms 98:5]]). Its use by David and the Levites in the temple service underscores its sanctified role [[2 Chronicles 29:25]].
* **An Aid to Prophecy:** The harp is uniquely associated with the prophetic office. It accompanied prophets as they prophesied [[1 Samuel 10:5]], and the musical service of the Levites was itself considered a form of prophecy with **harps** [[1 Chronicles 25:1]]. This suggests the instrument helped facilitate a connection to divine inspiration.
* **A Barometer of Spiritual Life:** The sound of the **harp** often signifies the spiritual and emotional state of the people. Its music accompanies joy, mirth, and celebration [[Nehemiah 12:27]]. In contrast, God's judgment is marked by the ceasing of the harp's joy [[Isaiah 24:8]], and national tragedy is expressed by its silencing [[Psalms 137:2]].
### Summary
In summary, **kinnôwr** `{{H3658}}` represents more than just a **harp**; it is a vital instrument of biblical life and worship. From its earliest mention as an instrument of civilization [[Genesis 4:21]] to its central place in the temple orchestra, the **harp** facilitates praise, accompanies prophecy, and gives voice to the full spectrum of human emotion before God, from the highest joy [[Psalms 43:4]] to the deepest sorrow [[Job 30:31]]. Its presence or absence is a powerful indicator of Israel's spiritual well-being.
TRV