### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **kebes**, represented by `{{H3532}}`, refers to a young **ram**, specifically one just old enough to butt. It is derived from an unused root suggesting dominance. Occurring 107 times in 100 verses, this term is primarily used to denote a specific type of lamb designated for sacred purposes, particularly in the context of sacrifices.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word **kebes** is a cornerstone of the Levitical sacrificial system. It is specified for a wide range of offerings, including the continual daily burnt offering [[Exodus 29:38]], sin offerings [[Leviticus 4:32]], and trespass offerings [[Leviticus 14:12]]. These offerings frequently required a **lamb** that was "of the first year" and "without blemish" [[Numbers 28:3]]. Beyond its ritual use, the term carries symbolic weight. Jeremiah describes himself as "like a **lamb** or an ox that is brought to the slaughter" [[Jeremiah 11:19]], highlighting vulnerability. In a vision of future peace, Isaiah prophesies that "the wolf also shall dwell with the **lamb**" [[Isaiah 11:6]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the role and characteristics of `{{H3532}}`:
* `{{H3535}}` **kibsâh** (a ewe lamb): This is the direct feminine counterpart to **kebes**. Both are often listed together in sacrificial requirements, distinguishing between the male and female lambs [[Leviticus 14:10]].
* `{{H352}}` **'ayil** (ram): This term denotes a mature, strong ram, as contrasted with the younger **kebes**. Both are frequently offered together in larger sacrifices [[Numbers 7:15]].
* `{{H7716}}` **seh** (a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat): This is a more general term for a flock animal. Scripture clarifies that for the Passover lamb (**seh**), one could be selected from the sheep (**kebes**) or the goats [[Exodus 12:5]].
* `{{H5695}}` **ʻêgel** (calf): This word for a young bullock often appears alongside **kebes** in lists of prescribed offerings, indicating the variety of animals used in worship [[Leviticus 9:3]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H3532}}` is primarily centered on the laws of worship and atonement.
* **Atonement and Devotion:** As a central element in offerings, from the daily sacrifices at the tabernacle [[Exodus 29:38-39]] to the rites for purification [[Leviticus 14:13]], the **lamb** signifies the constant need for atonement and devotion to God.
* **The Standard of Perfection:** The consistent demand for a **lamb** "of the first year" and "without blemish" establishes the principle of offering God the best and most perfect, a standard that applied to many sacrifices [[Numbers 28:11]].
* **Symbol of Innocence and Peace:** In prophetic writings, the **kebes** transitions from a ritual object to a powerful symbol. It represents the innocent sufferer in Jeremiah [[Jeremiah 11:19]] and the embodiment of peace in God's future kingdom in Isaiah [[Isaiah 11:6]].
### Summary
In summary, **kebes** is far more than a simple term for a young sheep. It is a foundational word in the vocabulary of Israel's worship, specified with great detail in the laws of sacrifice. Its meaning extends from the altar, where it represents a perfect and required offering, to the prophets, where it becomes a poignant symbol of innocence, vulnerability, and the ultimate peace that God will one day establish.
TRV