The Hebrew word yabbêl, represented by H2990, refers to a wen or a running sore. This term is exceptionally rare, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible. Its singular usage occurs within the Levitical laws, where it describes a specific type of physical defect that renders an animal unfit for a sacred offering.
The sole context for H2990 is found in the laws concerning acceptable sacrifices to the LORD. In Leviticus 22:22, the instruction is given that an animal that is blind, broken, maimed, or has a wen H2990 is not to be offered on the altar. The word is part of a list of disqualifying blemishes, emphasizing the principle that offerings made to God must be without defect or imperfection.
Several other words for physical defects are used alongside H2990 in Leviticus 22:22, clarifying the standard for an acceptable offering:
- H5788 ʻivvârôwn (blindness): This term for blindness is listed as a primary disqualifying condition Leviticus 22:22 and is also mentioned as a curse of judgment Deuteronomy 28:28.
- H7665 shâbar (to burst; break): Used to describe an animal that is broken, this root word can also be used figuratively for a broken heart Psalms 34:18.
- H2782 chârats (to point sharply; to wound): This word, translated as maimed Leviticus 22:22, can also mean to decree or determine, as in God's determined plans Isaiah 10:22.
- H1618 gârâb (scurf; scab, scurvy): This describes a skin disease like scurvy, another condition that makes an animal or person ritually unfit Leviticus 22:22.
- H3217 yallepheth (scurf or tetter; scabbed): Paired with gârâb, this word for scabbed further defines the kinds of skin ailments that are considered blemishes Leviticus 22:22.
While appearing only once, the theological weight of H2990 is found in its contribution to the theme of ritual purity and holiness.
- Symbol of Imperfection: The presence of a wen symbolizes a flaw. The laws of sacrifice required a perfect specimen, mirroring the holiness and perfection of the God to whom the offering was made.
- The Standard of Holiness: By explicitly forbidding animals with a blemish like a wen, the law established a high standard for approaching God. It taught Israel that only the best was suitable for the LORD.
- Distinction for Sacred Use: The inclusion of H2990 in the list of defects helps draw a sharp line between what is common or flawed and what is consecrated for a holy purpose.
In summary, yabbêl H2990 is a specific term for a physical blemish, a wen. Its importance is derived entirely from its single appearance in Leviticus 22:22, where it serves as a clear example of what makes an animal unacceptable for sacrifice. While a minor word, it plays a distinct role in illustrating the foundational biblical principle that offerings to a holy God must be whole and unblemished.
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