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H2963

טָרַף

ṭâraph /taw-raf'/ Ask about this word
a primitive root
to pluck off or pull to pieces; causatively to supply with food (as in morsels)
catch, feed, ravin, rend in pieces, tear (in pieces).
idiom without doubt · idiom surely

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of ṭâraph — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word ṭâraph, represented by H2963, is a primitive root meaning to pluck off or pull to pieces. It appears 25 times across 22 unique verses in the Bible. Its meaning is most often associated with the violent action of a predator, but it also extends to describe divine judgment, human cruelty, and, in a causative sense, the act of providing food.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In biblical contexts, H2963 is powerfully illustrative. It is frequently used to describe the actions of predators, as when Benjamin is prophesied to "ravin as a wolf" Genesis 49:27 or when a young lion "teareth in pieces" its prey Micah 5:8. The word also portrays divine judgment, with God himself stating, "I, even I, will tear and go away" Hosea 5:14. God warns the forgetful that he will "tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver" Psalms 50:22. Idiomatically, it conveys absolute certainty, as when Jacob, seeing the bloody coat, concludes Joseph is "without doubt rent in pieces" Genesis 37:33. In a unique contrast, the word is used to request gentle provision in the prayer, "feed me with food convenient for me" Proverbs 30:8.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help to frame the concept of tearing and its results:

  • H2964 ṭereph (prey, food): This noun, derived from H2963, refers to that which is torn. It is used to describe the "prey" that lions and corrupt princes hunt (Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 22:27).
  • H2966 ṭᵉrêphâh (that which was torn): This term specifically denotes an animal killed by a predator. It is used in legal contexts regarding restitution for livestock Exodus 22:13 and as food for a lion's den Nahum 2:12.
  • H6561 pâraq (to rend in pieces, tear in pieces): This verb often appears in parallel with H2963, reinforcing the idea of a violent tearing action. The Psalmist prays to be saved from an enemy, "Lest he tear my soul like a lion, rending it in pieces" Psalms 7:2.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H2963 is significant, highlighting themes of judgment, sin, and divine power.

  • Divine Judgment: The act of "tearing" serves as a stark metaphor for God's wrath against sin and rebellion. God is depicted as a lion who will "tear" his people for their unfaithfulness Hosea 5:14, and a nation's anger can "tear perpetually" as a form of judgment Amos 1:11.
  • Predatory Nature of Sin: The word is used to condemn human leaders who exploit the vulnerable. Ezekiel's princes are "like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain" Ezekiel 22:27.
  • God as Both Destroyer and Provider: The use of H2963 demonstrates a profound duality. The same root that describes God's capacity for fierce judgment is also used to petition Him for daily sustenance, as seen in the request to be "fed" Proverbs 30:8.

Summary

In summary, H2963 is a dynamic verb that primarily conveys violent destruction. It is the action of a lion, a symbol of divine judgment against unrepentant people, and a descriptor for the rapacious greed of corrupt leaders. Yet, its causative use for providing food reveals a deeper truth: the same power that can tear down can also build up and sustain, making ṭâraph a powerful illustration of both the severity and the providence of God.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb across 25 occurrences, inflected in 12 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • טֹרֵף
  • טָרֹף
  • טְרָף
  • טָרַף
  • יִטָּרֵף
  • טֹרַף
  • אֶטְרֹף
  • יִטְרָף
  • הַטְרִיפֵ
  • יִּטְרֹף
  • טָרַף
  • טֹרְפֵי

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 22 verses across 12 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Psalms and Ezekiel (4 verses each); never once in the other 27.

3
Genesis
1
Exodus
1
Deuteronomy
2
Job
4
Psalms
1
Proverbs
1
Jeremiah
4
Ezekiel
2
Hosea
1
Amos
1
Micah
1
Nahum

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.