from טָפַח (the same as טֵפַח); {a spread of the hand, i.e. a palm-breadth (not 'span' of the fingers); architecturally, a corbel (as a supporting palm)}; hand-breadth (broad).
Transliteration:ṭôphach
Pronunciation:to'-fakh
Detailed Word Study
AI-Generated
Loading Study...
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The lemma טֹפַח (ṭôphach, `{{H2948}}`) is derived from the root טָפַח (ṭāphach), which broadly signifies "to spread out" or "to extend." Its primary meaning is a specific unit of linear measure: "a palm-breadth" or "hand-breadth." This refers to the width of the hand across the palm, excluding the thumb, distinguishing it from a "span" (the distance from thumb to pinky when extended). The definition emphasizes "a spread of the hand," highlighting the flat, open aspect of the palm. In an architectural context, it can also denote a "corbel" or "supporting palm," suggesting a structural projection that bears weight, visually akin to an outstretched hand. This architectural nuance underscores its function as a foundational or supporting element. The term consistently denotes a small, precise, and measurable dimension.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term טֹפַח (ṭôphach, `{{H2948}}`) appears exclusively twice in the Hebrew Bible, both within the book of Exodus, specifically in the detailed instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings.
* [[Exodus 25:25]]: "And you shall make for it a rim of a handbreadth all around." This instruction pertains to the table of showbread. The "handbreadth" (ṭôphach) specifies the precise width of the decorative and functional rim surrounding the table's top. This divine specification highlights the meticulousness required for the sacred furnishings, ensuring their exact form and function within the holy space.
* [[Exodus 37:12]]: "And he made a rim of a handbreadth all around it." This verse describes the actual execution of the command by Bezalel, the chief craftsman, in constructing the table of showbread. The repetition of the "handbreadth" measurement emphasizes the faithful adherence to God's blueprint. The consistency between instruction and execution underscores the importance of precise obedience to divine commands in the creation of sacred objects.
In both contexts, ṭôphach functions as a critical, precise unit of measure, indicating a divinely ordained dimension for sacred objects. Its specific usage within the Tabernacle narrative underscores the exactitude of God's design.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **Root טָפַח (ṭāphach):** The verbal root from which ṭôphach derives, meaning "to spread out," "to extend," or even "to nurse" (as in spreading out a cloth for an infant). This connection reinforces the imagery of a flat, extended surface.
* **Other Units of Measurement:** ṭôphach is one of several ancient Hebrew units of length, each with a specific dimension:
* אֶצְבַּע (ʾeṣbaʿ, `{{H676}}`): "finger-breadth," a smaller unit.
* זֶרֶת (zeret, `{{H2229}}`): "span" (from thumb to little finger), a larger unit.
* אַמָּה (ʾammāh, `{{H520}}`): "cubit" (from elbow to fingertip), the most common unit of length.
* טֶפַח (ṭephach, `{{H2947}}`): This is essentially the same word, often transliterated identically, sometimes distinguished as a slightly different vocalization or grammatical form. Strong's notes H2948 as "from H2947 (the same as H2947)," confirming their semantic equivalence as "hand-breadth."
* **Divine Precision:** The concept embodied by ṭôphach is intrinsically linked to the broader biblical theme of divine precision in creation and sacred architecture. God's meticulous instructions, down to the smallest measurements, reflect His inherent orderliness and the absolute holiness required in His presence.
### Theological Significance
The specific and limited use of ṭôphach carries profound theological weight, particularly within the context of the Tabernacle.
* **Divine Precision and Order:** The exact specification of a "handbreadth" for a sacred object underscores God's demand for meticulous precision and divine order in all matters pertaining to worship and His presence. Every detail, no matter how seemingly minor, was divinely ordained, emphasizing that God's holiness necessitates exact adherence to His commands, contrasting sharply with human approximation or casualness.
* **Symbolism of the Hand:** While primarily a unit of measure, the underlying concept of the "hand" (yadh, `{{H3027}}`) in biblical thought often symbolizes divine power, action, and provision. The "handbreadth" as a precise measurement might subtly connect the dimensions of sacred objects to God's purposeful and active design in establishing His dwelling place among His people.
* **Holiness and Separation:** The Tabernacle, with its divinely mandated dimensions, was designed to be a profoundly holy space, set apart for God's unique presence. Even a small dimension like a "handbreadth" contributed to the overall integrity and holiness of the structure, signifying that every aspect of the sacred realm is distinct, consecrated, and inviolable.
* **Obedience and Faithfulness:** The dual mention of this measurement—first as a command and then as its execution—serves as a powerful theological lesson in obedience. Bezalel and Oholiab, in constructing the Tabernacle, faithfully followed every intricate detail, including the specific handbreadth measurements. This exemplifies the paramount importance of complete and unwavering obedience to God's revealed will, foreshadowing the New Testament emphasis on living by faith and adhering to divine patterns.
### Summary
טֹפַח (ṭôphach, `{{H2948}}`) denotes a precise unit of measurement, specifically a "handbreadth" or "palm-breadth," referring to the width of the hand across the palm. Its two occurrences in the Hebrew Bible are exclusively found in Exodus, where it specifies the exact dimensions of the rim of the table of showbread within the Tabernacle. This meticulous detail highlights the divine demand for precision and order in the construction of sacred spaces and objects. Theologically, ṭôphach underscores God's absolute exactitude, the paramount importance of holiness in His presence, and the call for human obedience to His specific commands, even in seemingly minute details. It serves as a profound reminder that every aspect of God's design is purposeful and contributes to the sacred integrity of His dwelling place among His people.
TRV