### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **chaklilûwth**, represented by `{{H2448}}`, refers to **redness**, particularly as a "flash (of the eyes)" or, in a negative sense, "blearedness." Its use in scripture is extremely specific, as it appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse**. This rarity highlights its role as a precise descriptor for a physical condition resulting from a particular lifestyle condemned in wisdom literature.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H2448}}` is in [[Proverbs 23:29]], which poses a series of rhetorical questions to illustrate the consequences of a certain path. The verse asks: "Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath **redness** of eyes?" Here, **redness** of eyes `{{H5869}}` is the final physical sign in a list of calamitous outcomes that include emotional distress, social strife, and senseless injury.
### Related Words & Concepts
The context of `{{H2448}}` in [[Proverbs 23:29]] links it to several other terms that describe a state of ruin:
* `{{H188}}` **'ôwy** (woe): A term of lamentation. It is used to express deep distress or to announce judgment, as seen when prophets declare "Woe is me!" [[Isaiah 6:5]] or "Woe unto them!" [[Hosea 7:13]].
* `{{H17}}` **'ăbôwy** (sorrow): Directly translated as "want" or "sorrow," it is paired with "woe" to describe a state of utter misery and lack [[Proverbs 23:29]].
* `{{H4066}}` **mâdôwn** (contention): Meaning "a contest or quarrel," this word describes the strife and discord that characterize the life being warned against. A "wrathful man stirreth up strife" [[Proverbs 15:18]].
* `{{H6482}}` **petsaʻ** (wound): A physical injury. Its inclusion in the list as "wounds without cause" [[Proverbs 23:29]] emphasizes the self-destructive and pointless nature of the harm incurred.
* `{{H7879}}` **sîyach** (babbling): This word can mean "meditation" or "complaint," but in this context, it refers to the senseless or troubled "utterance" of one who is suffering from the other afflictions mentioned [[Proverbs 23:29]].
### Theological Significance
While `{{H2448}}` is a physical descriptor, its theological significance comes from its association with the consequences of a foolish and undisciplined life.
* **Outward Signs of Inner Corruption:** The "redness of eyes" serves as a visible, external marker of an internal state of moral and spiritual decay, linking the body's condition to the soul's choices.
* **The Fruit of a Contentious Life:** The word appears alongside "contentions" `{{H4079}}``{{H4066}}`, reinforcing the biblical theme that a life of strife and discord leads to physical and social ruin.
* **Self-Inflicted Suffering:** The list of woes culminates in "wounds without cause" `{{H2600}}`. This highlights that the "redness of eyes" and other afflictions are not random tragedies but are the direct, foreseeable results of one's own actions, akin to the "curse causeless" that "shall not come" [[Proverbs 26:2]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2448}}` **chaklilûwth** is a highly specific term whose meaning is fully realized in its single biblical context. Though it simply means "redness," it functions as a powerful symbol within the wisdom literature of Proverbs. It is the physical manifestation of a life consumed by woe, sorrow, and strife, serving as a stark warning that the consequences of one's choices are often written on the body itself.
TRV