The Aramaic word chaṭṭâʼâh, represented by H2402, refers to an offence and the corresponding penalty or sacrifice for it. It is specifically defined as a sin (offering). This term is exceptionally rare, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible, highlighting its very specific application within the scriptural narrative.
The single use of H2402 occurs in the context of the dedication of the second temple after the exile. In this account, a variety of sacrifices are made to God. The text specifies that part of this ceremony included a "sin offering for all Israel," consisting of twelve he-goats to represent the twelve tribes Ezra 6:17. This situates the word directly within the formal, communal act of atonement and worship.
Several related Aramaic words provide a fuller context for its meaning:
- H2409 chăṭṭâyâʼ (an expiation; sin offering): This word appears alongside H2402 in its only verse, reinforcing the concept of an offering made for atonement. The two words together form the term translated as "sin offering" Ezra 6:17.
- H7127 qᵉrêb (to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose; approach, come (near, nigh), draw near): This is the verb used to describe the action of presenting the sacrifices. The animals for the sin offering were "offered" or brought near to God as part of the dedication ceremony Ezra 6:17.
The theological significance of H2402 is derived entirely from its singular, powerful context:
- Corporate Atonement: The offering is made "for all Israel," with the twelve goats explicitly linked to the number of the tribes. This underscores the concept of national sin and the need for communal, not just individual, atonement Ezra 6:17.
- Dedication and Purification: Its use during the dedication of God's house signifies that dealing with sin is a prerequisite for proper worship and for consecrating a space to God. The sin offering purifies the community as they rededicate the temple Ezra 6:17.
- Sacrificial Requirement: The term is inseparable from the physical sacrifice of animals. It reinforces the Old Testament principle that a prescribed offering was the means by which an offence against God was addressed.
In summary, while H2402 is a seldom-used term, its appearance is highly significant. It functions as a precise technical term for a "sin offering" within a pivotal moment of Israel's history—the rededication of the temple. Its sole usage in scripture captures the essential link between sacrifice, community-wide atonement, and the restoration of worship according to God's commands.
TRV