The Hebrew word chûwd, represented by H2330, is a primitive root meaning to "put forth." It appears just 4 times in 4 unique verses. Its definition, "properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle," indicates it describes the action of presenting a complex puzzle or challenge.
The usage of H2330 is concentrated in two key narratives. In the book of Judges, it is used exclusively in the story of Samson's riddle. Samson challenges his companions, stating, "I will now put forth a riddle unto you" Judges 14:12, and they later tell him, "Put forth thy riddle" Judges 14:13. The term is also used when Samson's wife confronts him for having "put forth a riddle" to her people Judges 14:16. In a prophetic context, God instructs Ezekiel, "Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel" Ezekiel 17:2.
The meaning of H2330 is clarified by words it is consistently paired with:
- H2420 chîydâh (riddle): Derived directly from H2330, this word means a puzzle, hard question, or dark saying. In every instance, the action of "putting forth" H2330 is immediately followed by the object being a "riddle" H2420, as seen in Samson's challenge Judges 14:12 and God's instruction to Ezekiel Ezekiel 17:2.
- H4912 mâshâl (parable): This word for a proverb or pithy maxim is used in parallel with H2420 in the command to Ezekiel, who is told to "put forth a riddle, and speak a parable" Ezekiel 17:2. This links the act of propounding a riddle with the delivery of a metaphorical teaching.
The theological significance of H2330 lies in its function as a method for communication that requires deep thought and interpretation.
- A Test of Wisdom: In the story of Samson, the act of "putting forth" a riddle serves as a test of wits and loyalty, establishing a challenge between individuals Judges 14:12.
- Divine Communication: The term is elevated when used by God, who commands Ezekiel to "put forth a riddle" Ezekiel 17:2. This shows that riddles and parables are chosen instruments for conveying divine messages to the house of Israel.
- Prophetic Metaphor: By being paired with both "riddle" H2420 and "parable" H4912, the action of H2330 is established as a formal way of presenting a difficult or symbolic truth that is not meant to be understood literally at first glance.
In summary, H2330 is a specific and rare verb that describes the act of propounding a challenge, specifically a riddle. Its use in scripture, though infrequent, appears in both human interactions as a test and in divine instruction as a method for delivering a prophetic parable. It highlights a form of communication that veils truth in metaphor, demanding that the listener engage in interpretation to understand the message being put forth.
TRV