### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew name **Zeresh**, represented by `{{H2238}}`, is of Persian origin and identifies the **wife** of Haman. This name appears **4 times** across **3 unique verses** in the Bible, exclusively within the book of Esther. Her character is defined by the counsel she provides to her husband.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, Zeresh `{{H2238}}` first appears as a malicious counselor. Alongside Haman's friends, she advises him to construct a gallows fifty cubits high specifically to have Mordecai executed, saying "speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon" [[Esther 5:14]]. Later, after Haman is publicly humbled, he recounts the events to Zeresh and his **wise men** `{{H2450}}`. At this point, her counsel dramatically changes, and she states that because Mordecai is a Jew, Haman will not **prevail** `{{H3201}}` against him but will "surely **fall**" `{{H5307}}` [[Esther 6:13]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words define the context and character of Zeresh:
* `{{H802}}` **'ishshâh** (wife): This is the primary identifier for Zeresh in every instance she is mentioned. It establishes her relationship to Haman and her role within his household [[Esther 5:10]].
* `{{H157}}` **'âhab** (friend): Zeresh is consistently grouped with Haman's "friends," who serve as his council. This term, which can mean **to have affection for**, indicates the circle of associates whose advice Haman seeks [[Esther 5:14]].
* `{{H2450}}` **châkâm** (wise): Zeresh is present with Haman's "wise men" when they deliver the grim prophecy of his downfall. This associates her counsel with a form of wisdom, even if it is worldly and ultimately fatalistic [[Esther 6:13]].
* `{{H559}}` **'âmar** (to say): This root is used for the words that Zeresh speaks. Her dialogue is central to her character, as she first **says** to build the gallows and later **says** that Haman will fall [[Esther 6:13]].
### Theological Significance
The narrative significance of `{{H2238}}` Zeresh is tied directly to the theme of pride and its consequences.
* **Wicked Counsel:** Zeresh's initial advice to build a gallows for Mordecai illustrates her support for Haman's murderous pride. She is an active participant in his wicked plans [[Esther 5:14]].
* **Prophet of Doom:** Her character arc pivots when she becomes a voice of doom. Along with the wise men, she interprets Haman's humiliation as an irreversible first step toward his complete ruin, telling him "thou hast begun to **fall** `{{H5307}}`, thou shalt not **prevail** `{{H3201}}` against him" [[Esther 6:13]].
* **Fickle Loyalty:** The swift change in her counsel, from encouraging Haman's plot to predicting his failure, highlights the shallow nature of the support system built on arrogance and power.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2238}}` Zeresh is more than just a name; she is a key secondary figure in the story of Esther. As Haman's wife, she functions as an important counselor whose advice mirrors his own pride. Her character starkly illustrates the shift in fortune, first as an instigator of a wicked plot and then as a foreteller of the very downfall she helped to precipitate.
TRV