a primitive root (compare זוּר); perhaps to diffuse, i.e. (specifically) to sneeze; sneeze.
Transliteration:zârar
Pronunciation:zaw-rar'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew root זָרַר (zârar, `{{H2237}}`) is a rare and intriguing verb, often understood as a primitive root with a core meaning related to diffusion or scattering. The Strong's definition specifically suggests "perhaps to diffuse, i.e. (specifically) to sneeze." This connection to "sneeze" is derived from the act of expelling or scattering particles, particularly from the respiratory system. The proposed link to זוּר (zûwr, `{{H2114}}`), meaning "to turn aside, be estranged, or be a stranger," further suggests a semantic field of separation, dispersion, or being cast out. In the context of a sneeze, this could imply the forceful expulsion or scattering of air and particles from the body. The rarity of its occurrence in the Hebrew Bible means its semantic range is largely confined to the single, specific instance where it is clearly attested.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb זָרַר (zârar, `{{H2237}}`) appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, in the dramatic account of Elisha raising the Shunammite's son:
"And he went up, and stretched himself upon him; and the child sneezed seven times, and the child opened his eyes." [[2 Kings 4:35]]
In this pivotal passage, the sneeze is presented as the definitive sign of life returning to the deceased child. Elisha had already laid himself upon the boy once with no immediate effect. After prayer and a second physical intervention, the boy sneezed. The act of sneezing is not merely a physiological reflex but is depicted as the forceful expulsion of breath, indicative of the re-animation of the body and the return of vital functions. The detail of "seven times" is significant, often symbolizing completion, perfection, or divine intervention in biblical numerology. The sneeze, therefore, becomes the tangible, audible manifestation of the miracle, immediately preceding the opening of the boy's eyes, signaling full restoration to life.
### Related Words & Concepts
The explicit connection in the Strong's definition to זוּר (zûwr, `{{H2114}}`) is noteworthy. While זוּר primarily denotes "to turn aside, be a stranger, or be estranged," the underlying concept of "separation" or "dispersion" can be seen as a common thread. A sneeze involves the forceful expulsion and scattering of air and particles. Other related concepts include:
* **Breath and Life:** The Hebrew words for breath (נְשָׁמָה - nĕshâmâh, `{{H5397}}`) and spirit/wind/breath (רוּחַ - rûaḥ, `{{H7307}}`) are intrinsically linked to life. The sneeze, as an expulsion of breath, paradoxically signifies the *return* of life in this context, perhaps expelling the last remnants of death or indicating the vigorous re-entry of the life-giving spirit.
* **Divine Power:** The act is a direct result of Elisha's intercession and God's power. It stands alongside other miraculous acts of resuscitation in the Bible, such as Elijah raising the widow's son ([[1 Kings 17:21-22]]) and Jesus raising Jairus's daughter ([[Mark 5:41-42]]).
* **The Number Seven:** The "seven times" (שֶׁבַע - sheba‘, `{{H7651}}`) underscores the divine completeness and efficacy of the miraculous act.
### Theological Significance
The singular occurrence of זָרַר (zârar, `{{H2237}}`) in [[2 Kings 4:35]] carries profound theological significance. The sneeze, a common and often mundane bodily function, is elevated to a miraculous sign of God's life-giving power.
1. **Divine Sovereignty Over Life and Death:** The passage vividly demonstrates God's ultimate authority over life and death. Through His prophet Elisha, God reverses the natural course of death, highlighting His ability to restore what was lost.
2. **The Mundane as a Vehicle for the Miraculous:** The choice of a sneeze as the sign of life returning is striking. It suggests that God can use even the most ordinary or unexpected physical manifestations to display His extraordinary power. It underscores the immanence of God's work within the physical realm.
3. **Physical Manifestation of Spiritual Reality:** The sneeze is a tangible, audible proof that life has re-entered the boy's body. It is a physical manifestation of a spiritual and divine act, signaling the complete reversal of death. It is the body's forceful rejection of death and embrace of life.
4. **Prophetic Authority:** The miracle validates Elisha's prophetic authority as a true messenger of Yahweh, confirming that God's power rested upon him.
### Summary
The Hebrew verb זָרַר (zârar, `{{H2237}}`) is exceptionally rare, appearing only once in the biblical text to describe the child's sneeze in [[2 Kings 4:35]]. While its core meaning likely relates to diffusion or scattering, its singular attestation firmly establishes its meaning as "to sneeze" in this context. This seemingly simple physiological act becomes a profoundly significant moment, serving as the definitive, divinely orchestrated sign of life returning to the deceased child. Theologically, this unique occurrence powerfully illustrates God's sovereign control over life and death, His ability to work through ordinary means to accomplish extraordinary miracles, and the validation of His prophet's authority. The sneeze, therefore, is not merely a reflex but a sacred punctuation mark in a narrative of divine restoration.
TRV