### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **zâmâm**, represented by `{{H2162}}`, is a highly specific term for a **wicked device**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse**, highlighting its narrow and potent meaning. Its definition points directly to a malicious plot or scheme conceived by an enemy.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H2162}}` is in [[Psalms 140:8]], within a prayer for deliverance from the wicked. The psalmist pleads with the LORD, "further not his **wicked device**". This context frames the word as a dangerous scheme that, if successful, would lead to the wicked exalting themselves. The term is used in parallel with "the desires of the wicked," emphasizing its nature as a malevolent intention that is actively plotted.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its biblical context help clarify its meaning:
* `{{H7563}}` **râshâʻ** (morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person): This term identifies the source of the wicked device, defining the character of the one who conceives such a plot [[Psalms 140:8]].
* `{{H3970}}` **maʼăvay** (a desire; desire): Used in parallel with **zâmâm**, this word signifies the underlying evil wants of the wicked which give birth to the plot itself [[Psalms 140:8]].
* `{{H6329}}` **pûwq** (to issue, i.e. furnish; causatively, to secure; figuratively, to succeed): This verb is used in the negative to plead that the **wicked device** not be allowed to "further" or succeed, highlighting the potential for the plot to come to fruition [[Psalms 140:8]].
* `{{H7311}}` **rûwm** (to be high actively, to rise or raise): This describes the ultimate goal of the wicked—to "exalt themselves" through the success of their plot. The failure of the **wicked device** prevents this arrogant outcome [[Psalms 140:8]].
* `{{H5414}}` **nâthan** (a primitive root; to give): The plea in [[Psalms 140:8]] begins by asking God not to "grant" or "give" the desires of the wicked, positioning God as the ultimate arbiter who can either permit or deny the success of such schemes.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2162}}` is concentrated in its single usage.
* **Divine Sovereignty:** The use of `{{H2162}}` in a prayer to God underscores the belief that God alone has the power to "further not" the plots of the wicked. It affirms that human schemes are subject to divine permission [[Psalms 140:8]].
* **The Intent of the Wicked:** The term is intrinsically linked to the character of the **râshâʻ** `{{H7563}}`, or wicked person. Their goal is not merely to do harm, but to "exalt themselves," revealing a core motivation of pride that God opposes [[Psalms 140:8]].
* **Petition and Trust:** The context of [[Psalms 140:8]] frames the proper response to a "wicked device" as a direct appeal to the LORD, demonstrating trust in His power to intervene and thwart malicious plans.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2162}}` **zâmâm** provides a sharp and focused term for a malicious plot. Though appearing only once, its context in [[Psalms 140:8]] is rich with theological meaning, depicting a direct confrontation between the arrogant schemes of the wicked and the sovereign power of God. The word serves as a reminder that even the most carefully constructed "wicked device" is ultimately subject to God's authority, who is called upon to ensure it does not succeed.
TRV