English · KJV
H2161

זָמַם

zâmam /zaw-mam'/ Ask about this word
Roota primitive root
Meaningto plan, usually in a bad sense
KJV usageconsider, devise, imagine, plot, purpose, think (evil).

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of zâmam — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word zâmam, represented by H2161, is a primitive root meaning to plan or devise. It appears 13 times across 13 unique verses in the Bible. While its core meaning is to plan, it is frequently used in a bad sense to signify plotting or evil scheming. However, it can also describe neutral consideration, righteous purpose, or even the sovereign plans of God.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In biblical usage, H2161 captures a wide range of intentions. At the Tower of Babel, God notes the ambition of the people, saying nothing will be restrained from them which they have imagined to do Genesis 11:6. The term is often associated with malicious human intent, as when the wicked plotteth against the just Psalms 37:12, or when a false witness is punished for what he had thought to do to his brother Deuteronomy 19:19. Conversely, God uses the same term to describe His own divine will, declaring, "I have purposed it, and will not repent" Jeremiah 4:28. It is even used in a positive, practical sense, as when the virtuous woman considereth a field and buys it Proverbs 31:16.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words illuminate the concept of planning and its consequences:

  • H7489 râʻaʻ (to make bad, do evil): This word describes the harmful action that often follows a malicious plan. In Zechariah 8:14, God's intent is linked to its result: "As I thought H2161 to punish H7489 you... and I repented not."
  • H5034 nâbêl (to be foolish or morally wicked): This term highlights the folly associated with evil thoughts. Proverbs 30:32 links the two directly, warning, "If thou hast done foolishly H5034 in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil H2161, lay thine hand upon thy mouth."
  • H3245 yâçad (to set, found, take counsel): While this word can mean to establish something good, it is used with H2161 to describe conspiracy. In Psalms 31:13, the psalmist's enemies "took counsel H3245 together against me, they devised H2161 to take away my life."

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H2161 is significant, particularly in how it defines intent and purpose.

  • Divine Sovereignty: God's use of the word demonstrates His deliberate and unchangeable nature. He thought to punish Israel for its ways Zechariah 8:14 but also thought to do well to Jerusalem Zechariah 8:15. His plans are described as both devised and done Jeremiah 51:12.
  • Human Culpability: The word underscores that intent is morally significant. The law in Deuteronomy 19:19 establishes that a person is guilty for the evil they had thought to do, making the plan itself a punishable offense.
  • Righteous Resolution: In a powerful contrast to evil plotting, the word can signify a sanctified will. After being tested by God, David states, "I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress" Psalms 17:3, showing a heart resolved toward righteousness.

Summary

In summary, H2161 provides crucial insight into the biblical understanding of purpose and intent. It is far more than a simple verb for planning; it conveys the moral character behind a thought or scheme. From the unified imagination of humanity at Babel to the wicked plots against the just and the sovereign decrees of God, zâmam reveals that the plans of the heart—whether evil, righteous, or divine—are of central importance to God.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb across 13 occurrences, inflected in 7 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • זַמֹּתִי
  • זָמַם
  • יָזְמוּ
  • זֹמֵם
  • זַמּוֹתָ
  • זָמָמוּ
  • זָמְמָה

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

H7489 רָעַע a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good fornothing, H5034 נָבֵל a primitive root; to wilt; generally, to fall away, fail, faint; figuratively, to be foolish or (morally) wicked; causat H3245 יָסַד a primitive root; to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to found; reflexively, to sit down together, i.e. set

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 13 verses across 7 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Psalms and Zechariah (3 verses each); never once in the other 32.

1
Genesis
1
Deuteronomy
3
Psalms
2
Proverbs
2
Jeremiah
1
Lamentations
3
Zechariah

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.