### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **zullûwth**, represented by `{{H2149}}`, refers to what is **vilest**. Derived from a root meaning "a shaking," it possibly carries the sense of a tempest or upheaval. This term is extremely rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible, highlighting a specific and severe state of moral decay.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{H2149}}` is in [[Psalms 12:8]], which paints a grim picture of a society's condition. The verse states that the wicked walk freely on every side precisely "when the **vilest** men are exalted." The term is used to describe the character of men (`{{H1121}}`, `{{H120}}`) who are lifted up or promoted (`{{H7311}}`). This context establishes a direct link between the elevation of depravity and the proliferation of wickedness (`{{H7563}}`) throughout the land.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of `{{H2149}}` is clarified by the words surrounding it in its only context:
* `{{H7563}}` **râshâʻ** (wicked): Defined as a morally wrong or an actively bad person, this word describes those who flourish when vileness is honored [[Psalms 12:8]]. Their prominence is a symptom of the societal sickness that `{{H2149}}` represents.
* `{{H7311}}` **rûwm** (exalted): This root means to be high, to rise, or to raise. In [[Psalms 12:8]], it signifies that the vilest are not merely present but are actively promoted and given positions of influence.
* `{{H1980}}` **hâlak** (walk): This word for walking is used to describe the activity of the wicked. They "walk" openly and without restraint, suggesting their evil is a common and accepted behavior [[Psalms 12:8]].
* `{{H5439}}` **çâbîyb** (on every side): Meaning around or in the environs, this term shows the pervasive nature of the problem. When the vilest are exalted, wickedness is not contained but spreads everywhere.
### Theological Significance
The theological concept conveyed by `{{H2149}}` is a warning about societal and moral inversion.
* **The Inversion of Values:** The core of [[Psalms 12:8]] is a state where worthlessness is treated as worthy. The exaltation of the "vilest" represents a complete reversal of divine standards, where honor is given to those who deserve shame.
* **The Proliferation of Sin:** The verse establishes a clear cause-and-effect relationship. The promotion of vileness directly enables and encourages the "wicked" to "walk on every side." It teaches that a society's moral character is reflected in whom it chooses to honor.
* **A Sign of Judgment:** This condition, where the base elements of humanity (`{{H120}}`) are lifted high (`{{H7311}}`), signals a time of deep spiritual trouble and corruption. The freedom of the wicked is a direct consequence of this corrupt leadership.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2149}}` is a potent and specific term. Though used only once, it powerfully captures the essence of a corrupt society. It describes a world turned upside down, where the promotion of the "vilest" people unleashes wickedness, allowing it to move freely "on every side." This single occurrence in [[Psalms 12:8]] serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of honoring what is worthless.
TRV