### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **zâbach**, represented by `{{H2076}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice); kill, offer, (do) sacrifice, slay**. It appears **134 times** across **127 unique verses**, establishing it as a key verb related to the sacrificial system and the act of worship in the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H2076}}` is used to describe the central act of sacrifice, both in proper worship and in idolatry. The Lord commands Israel to build an altar and **sacrifice** burnt offerings and peace offerings to Him [[Exodus 20:24]]. This act was a foundational part of their worship, as seen when the elders of Israel sought permission from Pharaoh to go into the wilderness to **sacrifice** to the LORD [[Exodus 3:18]]. Conversely, the term is also used to describe forbidden worship, such as when the Israelites **sacrificed** their sons and daughters to devils [[Psalms 106:37]] or when they were warned not to **do sacrifice** to the gods of the inhabitants of Canaan [[Exodus 34:15]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concept of sacrifice:
* `{{H2077}}` **zebach** (a slaughter, a sacrifice): This noun is derived directly from the verb `{{H2076}}` and refers to the sacrificial victim or the act itself. The two are often used together, as in the instruction to "Offer{H2076} the sacrifices{H2077} of righteousness" [[Psalms 4:5]].
* `{{H4196}}` **mizbêach** (an altar): Also derived from `{{H2076}}`, this word denotes the place where a sacrifice occurs. Its direct connection is clear in the prophecy against the altar in Bethel, upon which priests would be offered{H2076} [[1 Kings 13:2]].
* `{{H7819}}` **shâchaṭ** (to slaughter, kill): This verb is a close synonym, often used for the literal slaughter of an animal in a sacrificial context. The prophet Isaiah uses both words in parallel to condemn corrupt worship, comparing one who killeth{H7819} an ox to one who sacrificeth{H2076} a lamb in abomination [[Isaiah 66:3]].
* `{{H5930}}` **ʻôlâh** (a holocaust, burnt offering): This term describes a specific type of sacrifice that ascends in smoke. It is frequently paired with `{{H2076}}` to describe the full range of offerings, such as when Joshua built an altar and they offered{H5927} burnt offerings{H5930} and sacrificed{H2076} peace offerings{H8002} [[Joshua 8:31]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H2076}}` is significant, highlighting key principles of worship and covenant.
* **Worship and Fellowship:** To **sacrifice** was a primary means of drawing near to God. The act was often accompanied by joy, as when the people **offered** great sacrifices and rejoiced after the dedication of Jerusalem's wall [[Nehemiah 12:43]]. The offering of peace offerings was an expression of fellowship with God [[Deuteronomy 27:7]].
* **Covenant Allegiance:** The object of the sacrifice determined one's allegiance. God commands Israel to **do sacrifice** only to Him ([[Exodus 22:20]], [[2 Kings 17:36]]). The prophets repeatedly condemn Israel for having **sacrificed** to Baalim [[Hosea 11:2]] or upon high places [[1 Kings 22:43]].
* **The Condition of the Heart:** Scripture emphasizes that the physical act of sacrificing is insufficient without the proper intent. Malachi condemns those who **sacrificeth** a corrupt thing [[Malachi 1:14]]. Similarly, the people are rebuked for how they **sacrifice** flesh and eat it, because the LORD does not accept them [[Hosea 8:13]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H2076}}` is more than the simple act of killing an animal. It is a foundational verb that defines the act of sacrifice at the heart of Old Testament worship. Its usage reveals a sharp contrast between the sacrifices that bring joy and fellowship with God and the forbidden sacrifices that constitute idolatry and rebellion. The word illustrates that the direction of one's worship, and the state of one's heart in that worship, are of utmost importance.
TRV