from an unused root meaning to husk; a kernel (collectively), i.e. grain; beaten corn.
Transliteration:geres
Pronunciation:gheh'-res
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term H1643 (גֶּרֶשׂ, *geres*) derives from an unused root that conveys the action of "to husk." Consequently, *geres* refers to the edible portion of grain after the outer covering has been removed, specifically "a kernel (collectively)," "grain," or "beaten corn." This definition points to a processed or prepared form of grain, emphasizing the usable, nutritious part rather than the whole, unprocessed plant. It denotes grain that has undergone a preliminary stage of preparation, making it suitable for consumption or, as its sole biblical occurrence reveals, for sacred offering.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term H1643 (*geres*) appears only once in the entire Hebrew Bible, found in [[Leviticus 2:14]]. This singular occurrence is highly significant, as it places *geres* squarely within the context of the grain offering (*minchah*):
* **[[Leviticus 2:14]]:** "If you offer a grain offering of firstfruits to the Lord, you shall offer for the grain offering of your firstfruits beaten grain (גֶּרֶשׂ) from fresh heads of grain, roasted with fire, groats of new grain."
* In this verse, *geres* is qualified by "firstfruits" (רֵאשִׁית, `{{H7225}}`) and described as "beaten grain from fresh heads of grain" (גֶּרֶשׂ כַּרְמֶל). The phrase "beaten grain" suggests a form of processing, perhaps akin to crushing or grinding, to separate the kernels from the stalks and husks. The subsequent description, "roasted with fire, groats of new grain," further specifies the preparation, indicating a refined product suitable for a sacred offering. The context is meticulously prescriptive, detailing the type and preparation of the offering, underscoring the importance of purity and proper presentation before Yahweh.
### Related Words & Concepts
The study of H1643 is enriched by its relationship to other biblical terms and concepts:
* **Grain (General):** Terms like `{{H1715}}` (*dagan*, "corn," "grain," "produce") and `{{H2406}}` (*chittah*, "wheat") represent the broader category of agricultural staples from which *geres* is derived. While *dagan* is a general term for grain, *geres* specifies a particular prepared form.
* **Offerings:** `{{H4503}}` (*minchah*, "grain offering") is the overarching category of offering within which *geres* is presented. Other offerings, such as `{{H5930}}` (*olah*, "burnt offering"), highlight the diverse forms of worship. The *minchah* was unique among the major offerings for being bloodless, emphasizing thanksgiving, dedication, and the fruit of human labor.
* **Firstfruits:** The direct association with `{{H7225}}` (*reshith*, "firstfruits") in [[Leviticus 2:14]] is crucial. This concept signifies offering the earliest and best of the harvest to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and provision.
* **Preparation/Processing:** The very definition of *geres* ("beaten corn") implies processing. While there isn't a direct root connection to verbs like `{{H3586}}` (*kachash*, "to beat out" or "thresh"), the concept of preparing grain for use or offering is central to the agricultural and sacrificial practices of ancient Israel.
### Theological Significance
The singular occurrence of H1643 in the context of the grain offering of firstfruits imbues *geres* with profound theological significance:
* **Purity and Dedication:** As "beaten grain," *geres* represents a refined, pure, and choice portion of the harvest. Its preparation for the offering signifies the Israelites' dedication to bringing their best to God, free from impurities or imperfections. This reflects the call for holiness in all aspects of worship and life.
* **Divine Provision and Gratitude:** Grain was the staple of life in ancient Israel, symbolizing God's faithful provision for His people's sustenance. Offering *geres* as firstfruits was an act of profound gratitude, acknowledging that all blessings, including the harvest, originated from Yahweh. It underscored dependence on God for daily bread.
* **Sacrifice and Worship:** The grain offering, though bloodless, was an integral part of Israelite worship, expressing devotion, thanksgiving, and commitment. The *geres* contributed to this symbolism by representing the fruit of human labor consecrated back to the divine Giver. It was a tangible expression of a covenant relationship, a peaceful and grateful presentation before the Lord.
* **Covenant Faithfulness:** The meticulous instructions for the *geres* offering within the Levitical law highlight the importance of covenant faithfulness. By adhering to these commands, Israel demonstrated their obedience and continued participation in the covenant established with God.
### Summary
The Hebrew word H1643 (*geres*) refers to "beaten corn" or "kernels," specifically processed grain. Its sole biblical appearance in [[Leviticus 2:14]] is highly significant, positioning it as the prescribed form of grain for the grain offering of firstfruits. Theologically, *geres* embodies themes of purity, dedication, and gratitude, representing the choicest, prepared portion of the harvest offered back to God. It underscores divine provision, the importance of offering one's best in worship, and the Israelites' covenant faithfulness in acknowledging God as the source of all blessings. Though appearing only once, *geres* provides a rich insight into the meticulous nature of Israelite worship and the profound theological underpinnings of their sacrificial system.
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