### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **gâraç**, represented by `{{H1638}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to crush; also (intransitively and figuratively) to dissolve; break**. Though it appears only **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, its usage captures a powerful spectrum of meaning, from literal, physical destruction to intense, overwhelming emotion.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two appearances of `{{H1638}}` illustrate its dual application. In [[Lamentations 3:16]], it is used in a brutally literal sense, describing profound suffering: "He hath also **broken** my teeth with gravel stones." This paints a picture of physical pain and humiliation. Conversely, in [[Psalms 119:20]], the word takes on a figurative, emotional weight: "My soul **breaketh** for the longing that it hath unto thy judgments at all times." Here, the "breaking" is not one of destruction, but of a soul completely overcome by intense desire for God's divine decrees.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help clarify its meaning:
* `{{H5315}}` **nephesh** (soul): Defined as a breathing creature, vitality, or the seat of emotion and desire, this word is central to the figurative use of `gâraç`. The soul is what experiences the "breaking" of intense longing, as seen in the command to love God with all one's **soul** [[Deuteronomy 6:5]].
* `{{H8127}}` **shên** (a tooth): This word, meaning a tooth or crag, is the object of the literal "crushing" in Lamentations. It is often associated with destructive force or aggression, as in the description of a generation whose **teeth** are like swords [[Proverbs 30:14]].
* `{{H4941}}` **mishpâṭ** (judgment): This term refers to a verdict, decree, justice, or right. It is the object of the soul's longing in [[Psalms 119:20]]. The Bible establishes God's ways as **judgment** [[Deuteronomy 32:4]], making it the foundation of divine order and righteousness that the soul craves.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H1638}}` lies in its ability to express two profound spiritual states.
* **The Pain of Judgment:** In its literal context, `gâraç` signifies the harsh reality of divine discipline and the suffering that results from it. The experience of being "broken" is a direct and physical consequence of God's judgment upon a people [[Lamentations 3:16]].
* **The Passion of Devotion:** In its figurative sense, `gâraç` describes a spiritual state of being utterly consumed. The breaking of the soul `{{H5315}}` is not a negative event but a testament to an all-encompassing desire for God's judgments `{{H4941}}`, showing a devotion so strong it feels overwhelming [[Psalms 119:20]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H1638}}` is a rare but vivid term that conveys the concept of "breaking" with significant depth. It moves between the literal, painful crushing of teeth under judgment and the figurative, emotional breaking of a soul in its intense longing for God. Through its two uses, `gâraç` demonstrates how the same action of breaking can represent both the depths of suffering and the heights of spiritual passion.
TRV