of uncertain derivation; Gatam, an Edomite; Gatam.
Transliteration:Gaʻtâm
Pronunciation:gah-tawm'
Detailed Word Study
AI-Generated
Loading Study...
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew lemma גַּעְתָּם (Gaʻtâm), Strong's number `{{H1609}}`, is a proper noun referring to an individual within the Edomite lineage. Its base definition explicitly states "of uncertain derivation." This indicates that the etymological root and thus any inherent meaning derived from the word itself are not definitively known. As a proper name, its primary significance lies in identifying a specific person within a genealogical context rather than conveying a semantic concept. Therefore, the semantic range of Gaʻtâm is limited to its function as a personal identifier within the biblical narrative.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Gaʻtâm appears three times in the Old Testament, exclusively within genealogical lists pertaining to the descendants of Esau (Edom):
* [[Genesis 36:11]]: Here, Gaʻtâm is listed as one of the sons of Eliphaz, who was the firstborn son of Esau and his wife Adah. This verse places Gaʻtâm directly within the immediate family of Esau, establishing his prominent lineage.
* [[Genesis 36:16]]: This verse identifies Gaʻtâm as one of the "chiefs" (אַלּוּף, 'allûph, related to `{{H441}}`) among the sons of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. The term "chief" or "duke" signifies a position of authority, leadership, or tribal headship within the Edomite society. This indicates that Gaʻtâm was not merely a descendant but a significant figure in the nascent Edomite nation.
* [[1 Chronicles 1:36]]: This passage reiterates the lineage found in Genesis, listing Gaʻtâm among the sons of Eliphaz, son of Esau. The inclusion of this detail in the Chronicles genealogy underscores its importance for establishing the historical and familial records of the nations surrounding Israel, even those with whom Israel had a complex and often adversarial relationship.
The consistent placement of Gaʻtâm within these genealogies highlights the biblical emphasis on lineage and the meticulous recording of national origins. His identity as an Edomite chief signifies the early establishment of the Edomite nation and its ruling structures, fulfilling, in part, the promise to Abraham of numerous descendants, extending even through Esau [[Genesis 17:6]].
### Related Words & Concepts
The study of Gaʻtâm naturally connects to several broader biblical themes and terms:
* **Genealogy (יוּחַס, yûḥas, related to `{{H3187}}`):** The primary context for Gaʻtâm is genealogical. Biblical genealogies serve multiple purposes: establishing identity, demonstrating divine faithfulness in fulfilling promises of descendants, tracing lines of inheritance, and providing historical continuity. The inclusion of Edomite genealogies, alongside those of Israel, underscores the Bible's comprehensive scope in recording the history of nations.
* **Edom/Esau (אֱדוֹם, 'Ědôm, related to `{{H123}}`):** Gaʻtâm is a direct descendant and chief of Edom. The relationship between Israel (descendants of Jacob) and Edom (descendants of Esau) is a recurring motif in the Old Testament, characterized by fraternal tension, conflict, and prophetic pronouncements. Gaʻtâm's existence contributes to the biblical record of this significant neighboring nation.
* **Chief/Duke (אַלּוּף, 'allûph, related to `{{H441}}`):** This title denotes leadership and authority. Its application to Gaʻtâm indicates his societal standing and the structured nature of the early Edomite society, mirroring the tribal leadership found among other ancient Near Eastern peoples.
* **Uncertain Derivation:** Many proper names in the Bible, particularly those of non-Israelite origin or from very ancient periods, have uncertain etymologies. In such cases, their significance is derived from their narrative function and their contribution to the historical and theological tapestry of Scripture, rather than from an inherent semantic meaning.
### Theological Significance
While Gaʻtâm himself is a minor figure, his inclusion in the biblical record carries significant theological weight:
* **Divine Sovereignty over Nations:** The detailed genealogies of Edom, including figures like Gaʻtâm, demonstrate God's sovereign oversight not only of His chosen people Israel but also of the surrounding nations. Their existence, lineage, and even their leadership structures are part of His broader providential plan.
* **Fulfillment of God's Promises:** The emergence of the Edomite nation, with its chiefs and established lines, is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promise to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations [[Genesis 17:4-6]]. Even Esau, though not chosen for the covenant line of blessing, was blessed with numerous descendants and a land to inherit [[Genesis 36:8]].
* **Historical Reliability of Scripture:** The meticulous recording of such detailed genealogies, including seemingly minor figures like Gaʻtâm, underscores the historical groundedness and reliability of the biblical narrative. It presents a historical account of real people and nations, not merely abstract theological concepts.
* **Context for Israel's Identity:** The existence and lineage of Edom, as recorded through figures like Gaʻtâm, provide a crucial historical and familial context for understanding Israel's own identity and destiny. The relationship between these "brother" nations often serves to highlight God's unique covenant with Jacob's descendants.
* **God's Attention to Detail:** The inclusion of figures like Gaʻtâm, whose etymology is unknown and whose direct actions are not recorded, signifies the Bible's comprehensive scope and God's meticulous attention to every detail of human history, even those that seem peripheral to the main redemptive narrative. Every individual, every nation, plays a part in the unfolding of His grand design.
### Summary
Gaʻtâm (`{{H1609}}`) is an Edomite chief, a son of Eliphaz and grandson of Esau, whose name is of uncertain derivation. He is mentioned in the genealogies of Genesis and 1 Chronicles, establishing his place within the early leadership of the Edomite nation. Though a seemingly minor figure, his inclusion is significant. It underscores the Bible's commitment to historical accuracy, demonstrating God's sovereign hand in the formation of all nations, including those outside the direct covenant line of Israel. Gaʻtâm's presence in Scripture serves as a quiet witness to the fulfillment of God's promises of numerous descendants and the detailed unfolding of His providential plan across the tapestry of human history.
TRV