The Hebrew name ʼĂdônîyqâm, represented by H140, means lord of rising (i.e. high). It is identified as the name of one or two Israelites. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible, exclusively in the context of listing the families that returned from the Babylonian exile.
In the biblical narrative, H140 identifies a significant family clan. In the census of those who returned from captivity, "the children of Adonikam" are numbered at six hundred sixty and six Ezra 2:13. A parallel account in Nehemiah lists the "children of Adonikam" as six hundred threescore and seven Nehemiah 7:18. A later passage specifies the "last sons of Adonikam" who returned, giving their names as Eliphelet, Jeiel, and Shemaiah, along with threescore males who accompanied them Ezra 8:13.
The identity of Adonikam as a patriarchal head is clarified by several related words:
- H1121 bên (son): This word is used in all three occurrences of Adonikam, establishing the group as his "children" or "sons" (Ezra 2:13, Ezra 8:13, Nehemiah 7:18). It signifies a direct family line and heritage.
- H314 ʼachărôwn (last): This term specifies a later group of Adonikam's descendants who returned, described as the "last sons" Ezra 8:13, indicating a phased or multi-stage return of his family.
- H2145 zâkâr (male): The description of the group accompanying Adonikam's last sons specifies that they were "threescore males" Ezra 8:13, highlighting the importance of counting the men who formed the community.
The theological significance of H140 is tied to the preservation of Israel's lineage and God's covenant faithfulness.
- Genealogical Preservation: The careful counting of Adonikam's descendants underscores the importance of maintaining family identity and heritage during the exile. The lists in Ezra and Nehemiah serve as an official record of the families that formed the restored community of Judah.
- Family Headship: Adonikam is presented as the patriarch of a large clan. The record of his "children" and "sons" returning to their homeland is a testament to the continuity of the family unit as central to Israel's social and religious structure Deuteronomy 29:29.
- A People Restored: The mention of Adonikam's family is part of the larger narrative of return from exile. The return of these specific families, identified by name and number, demonstrates God's personal care for His children Isaiah 49:25.
In summary, H140 ʼĂdônîyqâm is a proper name identifying the head of an Israelite family. Though mentioned only three times, its appearance in the post-exilic census lists is significant. It documents the continuity of Israelite lineage through the turmoil of exile and illustrates the meticulous care taken to record the families that made up the restored community. The story of the children of Adonikam is a small but concrete example of the broader biblical theme of God's faithfulness in regathering His people.
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