### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼôdem**, represented by `{{H124}}`, refers to a red gem known as the **sardius**. Derived from a root word signifying redness, it denotes the ruby, garnet, or a similar precious stone. It appears only **3 times** across **3 unique verses**, making each occurrence particularly significant.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The use of `{{H124}}` is confined to two specific, highly symbolic contexts. In the book of Exodus, the **sardius** is designated as the very first stone to be set in the **first** `{{H259}}` **row** `{{H2905}}` of the high priest's breastplate ([[Exodus 28:17]], [[Exodus 39:10]]). Later, in Ezekiel, the **sardius** is listed among the "every **precious** `{{H3368}}` **stone**" [[Ezekiel 28:13]] that served as the covering for a powerful being in **Eden** `{{H5731}}`, the **garden** `{{H1588}}` of **God** `{{H430}}`.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context and significance of this gem:
* `{{H68}}` **ʼeben** (a stone): This is the foundational word for the category to which **ʼôdem** belongs. It is used in every verse where the sardius is mentioned, establishing it as a literal **stone** set within a larger arrangement ([[Exodus 28:17]], [[Exodus 39:10]], [[Ezekiel 28:13]]).
* `{{H2905}}` **ṭûwr** (a row): This word defines the specific arrangement of the **sardius** on the priestly breastplate, placing it in one of **four** `{{H702}}` **rows** [[Exodus 28:17]].
* `{{H6357}}` **piṭdâh** (a gem, probably the topaz): This stone is mentioned directly alongside the **sardius** in the first row of the breastplate, highlighting its inclusion in a collection of valuable gems ([[Exodus 28:17]], [[Exodus 39:10]]).
* `{{H3368}}` **yâqâr** (valuable... precious): This adjective describes the quality of the stones, including the **sardius**, that adorned the being in Eden, emphasizing their divine origin and worth [[Ezekiel 28:13]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H124}}` is derived from its prominent placement and association with divine glory.
* **Priestly Representation:** As the first stone in the first **row** `{{H2905}}` of the breastplate, the **sardius** holds a position of primacy in representing the tribes of Israel before God [[Exodus 28:17]].
* **Original Perfection:** Its inclusion in the covering of the anointed cherub in **Eden** `{{H5731}}` connects it to a state of unspoiled beauty and perfection. This covering was prepared on the very **day** `{{H3117}}` the being was **created** `{{H1254}}` [[Ezekiel 28:13]].
* **Divine Workmanship:** The stone is part of a magnificent array that includes **gold** `{{H2091}}` and other gems, with the entire **workmanship** `{{H4399}}` being divinely **prepared** `{{H3559}}`, showcasing it as an element of God's perfect creative work [[Ezekiel 28:13]].
### Summary
In summary, while rare, the word **ʼôdem** `{{H124}}` carries significant symbolic meaning. It is not merely a red stone, but a gem set apart by God for positions of utmost importance. Its placement on the high priest's breastplate and its presence in the pristine environment of Eden establish it as a symbol of divine order, value, and the exquisite beauty of God's creation.
TRV