The Hebrew word ʼĂdad, represented by H111, is a proper name referring to Adad (or Hadad), an Edomite. The base definition notes it is likely an orthographical variation for the name Hadad. This specific spelling appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible.
The single use of H111 occurs in the historical narrative of Solomon's reign. It is used to introduce a figure who would later become an adversary to Israel. The verse states that ʼĂdad fled to Egypt as a little child along with some of his father's servants 1 Kings 11:17. This event sets the stage for his survival and eventual return. The same verse also uses the more common spelling Hadad H1908 to refer to the same individual.
Several related words help clarify the context of this name's single appearance:
- H1908 Hădad (Hadad, the name of an idol, and of several kings of Edom; Hadad): This is the standard spelling of the same individual's name. The Bible notes that the LORD stirred up "Hadad the Edomite" as an adversary to Solomon 1 Kings 11:14.
- H130 ʼĔdômîy (an Edomite, or descendants from (or inhabitants of) Edom; Edomite): This word establishes the national identity of ʼĂdad. He is identified as an Edomite, a detail that is crucial to understanding the political conflicts during Solomon's time 1 Kings 11:14.
- H1272 bârach (to bolt, i.e. figuratively, to flee suddenly): This is the primary action associated with ʼĂdad in his only mention. The verse states that he fled to Egypt, highlighting a theme of escape from danger also seen when David fled from Saul 1 Samuel 20:1.
- H4714 Mitsrayim (Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt; Egypt, Egyptians, Mizraim): This is the destination of ʼĂdad's flight, a place of refuge. Egypt plays a significant role in the history of Israel, often as a place of both bondage Exodus 20:2 and sanctuary 1 Kings 11:17.
The significance of H111 is tied entirely to its narrative function in introducing an important antagonist.
- Introducing an Adversary: The mention of ʼĂdad begins the story of a political opponent raised up by God against Solomon. His flight as a child 1 Kings 11:17 is the inciting incident that preserves him for this future role.
- Flight and Survival: The act of fleeing to Egypt ensures the survival of this Edomite of royal lineage, setting up a future conflict with Israel.
- Textual Variation: The appearance of both H111 ʼĂdad and H1908 Hădad in the same verse 1 Kings 11:17 to describe the same person serves as a clear example of orthographical variation within the biblical text.
In summary, H111 ʼĂdad is not a common term but a rare spelling variant for the name Hadad. Its sole appearance is pivotal, marking the childhood escape of a future Edomite adversary to King Solomon. While the word itself is used only once, it introduces a character whose story is part of the larger biblical theme of the consequences that followed Solomon's actions.
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