The Hebrew word ʼaggân, represented by H101, refers to a bowl or basin. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible. The term, likely derived from a word meaning to pound, suggests a vessel that has been pounded out to be hollow and is also translated as cup or goblet.
In its biblical usage, H101 appears in both literal and figurative contexts. In a ceremonial setting, Moses used basons to hold half of the covenant blood before sprinkling it on the altar Exodus 24:6. The word is also used poetically, as in the Song of Solomon, where a navel is likened to a round goblet Song of Solomon 7:2. In Isaiah, it describes a type of small household container, referring to "vessels of cups" alongside other vessels Isaiah 22:24.
Several related words help define the context and function of H101:
- H1818 dâm (blood): This word for blood is directly linked to H101 in the context of covenant ceremony. The basons were specifically used to hold the blood of the covenant before it was sprinkled on the altar Exodus 24:6.
- H3627 kᵉlîy (vessel): This is a general term for any kind of apparatus or utensil. H101 is a specific type of vessel, and both words appear together in Isaiah 22:24 to describe various household containers.
- H5035 nebel (flagon/vessel): This term, also meaning a vessel or skin-bag for liquids, is used in contrast to H101. Isaiah 22:24 lists "vessels of cups" and "vessels of flagons" to describe a range of containers.
The theological weight of H101 is primarily derived from its use in sacred ritual.
- Vessel of Covenant: The basin H101 plays a crucial role in the establishment of the covenant. It is the sanctified container used to hold the blood H1818, which is central to making an atonement for the soul Leviticus 17:11.
- Instrument of Sacred Ritual: The use of basons in Exodus 24:6 demonstrates their function as instruments in sacred worship. The blood was put H7760 into them before being sprinkled H2236 on the altar H4196, formalizing the LORD's covenant with the people Exodus 24:8.
- Symbol of Value and Beauty: In its other uses, H101 represents something of value, whether as part of a household's possessions Isaiah 22:24 or as a metaphor for physical beauty in the form of a round goblet Song of Solomon 7:2.
In summary, ʼaggân H101 is a specific term for a basin or goblet. Though it appears only three times, its uses are distinct. It functions as a vital ritual object in a foundational covenant ceremony, a common household vessel in a metaphor about reliance, and a poetic image of beauty. Its most significant role is as the container for the blood H1818 of the covenant, underscoring the importance of consecrated vessels in the sacred rituals of scripture.
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