The Greek word astochéō, represented by G795, means to miss the mark or, figuratively, to deviate from the truth. It is derived from a compound of Α (as a negative particle) and a word for "an aim." According to usage statistics, it appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible, where it is translated as to err or swerve.
In the biblical text, G795 is consistently used to describe a departure from sound doctrine and faith. For instance, some individuals who have swerved from a pure heart and good conscience have instead "turned aside unto vain jangling" 1 Timothy 1:6. The term is also used to identify those who "concerning the truth have erred," by falsely teaching that the resurrection has already passed, an act which serves to "overthrow the faith of some" 2 Timothy 2:18. This deviation is linked to false teachings, as seen when some, by "professing" a so-called knowledge, have "erred concerning the faith" 1 Timothy 6:21.
Several related words help clarify the context and consequences of deviating from the truth:
- G1624 ektrépō (to deflect, i.e. turn away): This word often appears with G795 to describe the action that follows the initial error. For example, some have "already turned aside after Satan" 1 Timothy 5:15.
- G1861 epangéllō (to announce upon...to assert something respecting oneself): This term describes the act of making a claim or profession, which, if false, can lead to error. It is used when some "professing" falsely have erred from the faith 1 Timothy 6:21, but it is also used of God, who is faithful to what He has promised Titus 1:2.
- G396 anatrépō (to overturn): This highlights the destructive result of erring from the truth. Those who have erred can overthrow the faith of others 2 Timothy 2:18, just as false teachers subvert whole houses Titus 1:11.
The theological weight of G795 is significant, as it outlines the nature and danger of doctrinal error.
- Deviation from Truth and Faith: The word is specifically used to describe a departure "concerning the truth" 2 Timothy 2:18 and "concerning the faith" 1 Timothy 6:21. The "mark" that is missed is the standard of correct doctrine.
- Destructive Impact: To err is not a passive mistake but an action with serious consequences. It leads to outcomes like "vain jangling" 1 Timothy 1:6 and can actively "overthrow the faith of some" 2 Timothy 2:18.
- Connection to False Profession: The act of erring is linked to making a false profession. By "professing" things that are not true, individuals err from the faith 1 Timothy 6:21, demonstrating the peril of embracing false knowledge.
In summary, G795 astochéō is more than just a word for making a mistake; it is a specific term for missing the spiritual or doctrinal mark. Its use in scripture serves as a strong warning against deviating from the truth of the faith. The term illustrates that such a swerving is not a minor issue but one that can lead to confusion, contention, and the subversion of the faith of others.
TRV