ἀριστερός

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word aristerós, represented by G710, is the term for the left hand. It appears 3 times in 3 unique verses in the Bible. The definition describes it as the left hand, and "as second-best," establishing its role in relation to its counterpart.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its biblical usage, G710 is consistently paired with the right hand to denote a complete set or opposing sides. In Matthew, Jesus uses it metaphorically when instructing on giving alms, saying to not let the left hand know what the right hand does Matthew 6:3. At the crucifixion, it marks the position of one of the malefactors crucified with Jesus, "one on the right hand, and the other on the left" Luke 23:33. Paul also uses it to describe being fully equipped with "the armour of righteousness on the right hand and on the left" 2 Corinthians 6:7.

Related Words & Concepts

The primary word used in contrast with aristerós is:

• G1188 dexiós: This word means the right side or hand, described as "that which usually takes." In every instance where the left hand G710 is mentioned, the right hand G1188 is also present, establishing a clear pairing and contrast (Matthew 6:3, Luke 23:33, 2 Corinthians 6:7).

Theological Significance

The significance of G710 is primarily understood through its contrast with the right hand.

• A Position of Lesser Honor: While the right hand is consistently associated with the place of power and honor, such as Christ sitting at the right hand of God (Romans 8:34, Colossians 3:1), the left hand appears in neutral or less distinguished positions, such as the location of one of the malefactors Luke 23:33.
• Symbol of Division or Secrecy: Jesus' command to not let the left hand know what the right hand is doing suggests a separation of actions or a call for discretion in righteousness Matthew 6:3.
• Representation of Totality: When used with the right hand, as in the "armour of righteousness," it signifies completeness and being equipped for any situation, covering all sides 2 Corinthians 6:7.

Summary

In summary, G710 aristerós is a simple directional term whose meaning is amplified by its context. While it appears only a few times, it consistently functions in relation to the right hand. It is used to mark physical location, to create a metaphor for discretion, and to symbolize a state of being fully prepared. Its significance is derived not from its own definition alone, but from the powerful biblical symbolism of the right hand as the place of ultimate honor and authority.