### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term χορός (transliterated *chorós*, `{{G5525}}`) primarily denotes a "ring" or "round dance." Its etymology is uncertain, yet its classical usage points to a group of dancers and singers, often performing in unison. The English word "choir" is derived from this root, highlighting the vocal component often associated with such communal performances. However, in its biblical context, the emphasis falls squarely on the act of "dancing" itself, embodying a joyous, rhythmic, and often communal movement. It signifies an outward expression of mirth and celebration, distinct from mere static observation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word χορός (`{{G5525}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in the Parable of the Prodigal Son:
* **[[Luke 15:25]]**: "Now his elder son was in the field; and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing (συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν)."
In this singular occurrence, *chorós* is paired with συμφωνία (*symphōnia*, `{{G4858}}`, "music" or "concord of sounds"), painting a vivid picture of the lavish celebration prepared by the father for his repentant son. The presence of "music and dancing" signifies not merely a polite gathering, but an uninhibited, boisterous, and public display of joy. It underscores the extraordinary nature of the father's welcome, demonstrating complete restoration and overwhelming delight at the lost son's return. The elder brother's hearing of these sounds from a distance serves to contrast his own lack of joy and understanding with the father's boundless grace.
### Related Words & Concepts
The concept of dancing as an expression of joy, celebration, or worship is deeply embedded in both the Old and New Testaments. While χορός (`{{G5525}}`) is unique in the New Testament, its meaning resonates with several Hebrew terms:
* **`{{H4234}}` (מָחוֹל, *makhōl*)**: Often translated "dance" or "dancing," particularly a circular or celebratory dance, as seen when Miriam leads the women in dance after the crossing of the Red Sea ([[Exodus 15:20]]) or in the Psalms as an expression of praise ([[Psalm 149:3]], [[Psalm 150:4]]).
* **`{{H7832}}` (שָׂחַק, *sāḥaq*)**: To laugh, play, or make sport, which can include dancing, as when David "danced before the Lord with all his might" ([[2 Samuel 6:14]], though a different Hebrew word, *kārar* `{{H3769}}`, is also used there, *sāḥaq* is used in [[2 Samuel 6:21]] by David to describe his actions).
* **`{{H2323}}` (חָגַג, *ḥagag*)**: To reel, dance, or keep a feast, highlighting the connection between festive celebration and physical movement.
In Greek, other words for dancing include ὀρχέομαι (*orcheomai*, `{{G3739}}`), used in the context of Herodias's daughter dancing ([[Matthew 14:6]]). The key distinction for χορός (`{{G5525}}`) in [[Luke 15:25]] is its specific association with communal, festive rejoicing, rather than a general act of dancing. Concepts related to χορός include celebration (εὐφραίνω, *euphrainō*, `{{G2165}}`, to make merry, rejoice), feasting, and the joy of restoration.
### Theological Significance
The single occurrence of χορός (`{{G5525}}`) in [[Luke 15:25]] carries profound theological weight. It serves as a powerful symbol of God the Father's overwhelming and unreserved joy at the repentance and return of a lost sinner. The "music and dancing" are not merely background elements but central to the portrayal of divine celebration. This imagery stands in stark contrast to the elder brother's resentment, highlighting the difference between a legalistic, performance-based view of righteousness and the Father's boundless, unconditional grace.
The Father's response to the prodigal's return is one of lavish expenditure, complete forgiveness, and exuberant rejoicing. The dancing signifies the depth of this joy, a joy so great that it spills over into physical expression. It aligns with other biblical depictions of God's rejoicing over His people ([[Zephaniah 3:17]]) and the joy in heaven over one sinner who repents ([[Luke 15:7]], [[Luke 15:10]]). Thus, *chorós* becomes a vivid metaphor for the celebration that takes place in the very presence of God when a lost soul is found. It speaks to the nature of the Kingdom of God as a place of ultimate reconciliation, feasting, and unbridled delight for those who embrace His grace.
### Summary
The Greek word χορός (*chorós*, `{{G5525}}`) denotes a communal, celebratory "round dance." Despite its singular appearance in the New Testament in [[Luke 15:25]], its significance is immense. In the Parable of the Prodigal Son, the "music and dancing" symbolize the Father's overwhelming and unreserved joy at the return of His lost son. This vibrant imagery underscores the lavish grace, complete forgiveness, and profound celebration that characterize God's welcome of a repentant sinner. It stands as a powerful testament to the divine rejoicing over restoration, contrasting sharply with human reluctance to embrace such radical grace, and affirming the Kingdom of God as a realm of ultimate joy and reconciliation.
TRV