### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adverb hagnōs (G55) is derived from the adjective hagnos (G53), which signifies a state of being pure, holy, chaste, or undefiled. As an adverb, hagnōs describes the *manner* in which an action is performed, conveying the sense of "purely," "holily," "chastely," or "undefiledly." The base definition provided, "purely, i.e. honestly:--sincerely," underscores the ethical and moral dimension of this purity, pointing to an action performed without ulterior motives, with integrity, and genuinely. Its semantic range extends from ritual or moral cleanness to the complete absence of duplicity or hidden agendas in one's conduct.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The adverb hagnōs (G55) appears only once in the New Testament, found in [[Philippians 1:17]]. This singular occurrence, however, carries profound significance within its context. In this passage, the Apostle Paul is reflecting on the various motivations behind the proclamation of Christ, even while he is imprisoned. He states, "The former proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition, not purely, supposing to stir up trouble for me in my imprisonment." (ESV, similar in NASB).
The phrase "not purely" (οὐχ ἁγνῶς) stands in direct contrast to "selfish ambition" (ἐριθεία, `{{G2052}}`). Paul identifies two groups of preachers: those who preach Christ out of rivalry and selfish ambition, and those who preach from good will or love. The "not purely" (hagnōs) describes the manner of preaching of the former group—their proclamation of Christ is tainted by impure motives, perhaps seeking personal gain, status, or to cause Paul distress. This highlights that while the *content* of their message (Christ) is true, the *intention* and *manner* behind their preaching are flawed. The verse underscores that the integrity of one's motives in ministry is as crucial as the message itself.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several Greek terms share conceptual ground with hagnōs (G55), illuminating its nuances:
* **hagnos (G53):** The root adjective, meaning "pure," "holy," "chaste," or "undefiled." It is used to describe moral purity ([[2 Corinthians 11:2]], [[Titus 2:5]]), ritual purity ([[John 11:55]]), and the purity of Christ ([[1 John 3:3]]). The adverb hagnōs extends this quality of purity to the *action* itself.
* **katharos (G2513):** Meaning "clean" or "pure," often used for physical cleansing or ceremonial purity ([[Matthew 8:2]]), but also for moral purity, as in "pure in heart" ([[Matthew 5:8]]). While related, hagnos and its adverbial form often carry a stronger emphasis on moral integrity and freedom from defilement or corrupting influence.
* **eilikrineia (G1505) / eilikrinēs (G1506):** These terms denote "sincerity," "purity," or "unmixed." They describe a state of being transparent, free from hidden motives, and without pretense. For example, Paul speaks of conducting himself "in holiness and godly sincerity" ([[2 Corinthians 1:12]]). This concept of unblemished motive aligns very closely with the "sincerely" aspect of hagnōs in [[Philippians 1:17]].
* **aplotes (G572):** Meaning "simplicity," "sincerity," or "generosity." This word implies single-mindedness and a lack of duplicity, particularly in giving or service ([[Romans 12:8]], [[2 Corinthians 8:2]]). It speaks to an undivided heart, which is a hallmark of "pure" action.
Together, these terms underscore a pervasive biblical emphasis on integrity, freedom from hypocrisy, and purity of intention in the life and service of believers.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of hagnōs in [[Philippians 1:17]] serves as a potent theological statement regarding the nature of genuine Christian ministry and service. It reveals that God's concern extends beyond the outward act to the inward motivation. Preaching Christ, though inherently good, can be rendered impure if the underlying motive is selfish ambition, rivalry, or a desire for personal gain rather than the glory of God and the genuine advancement of the Gospel.
This word highlights that the *manner* in which the Gospel is proclaimed, or any ministry is performed, is of paramount importance to God. It calls believers to a profound level of self-examination regarding their intentions. True ministry must flow from a heart that is hagnos (pure), resulting in actions performed hagnōs (purely). This concept resonates with other biblical teachings that condemn hypocrisy and stress the importance of sincerity before God ([[Matthew 6:1-6]], [[1 Corinthians 13:1-3]]). It challenges believers to pursue a life and ministry characterized by transparency, integrity, and unadulterated devotion to Christ, free from any defiling ambition or self-interest.
### Summary
The Greek adverb hagnōs (G55), derived from hagnos (G53), signifies acting "purely," "honestly," or "sincerely." Its sole occurrence in [[Philippians 1:17]] is profoundly instructive, revealing the critical importance of *motive* in Christian service. Paul contrasts those who preach Christ out of selfish ambition with those who do not preach "purely," underscoring that the intention behind proclaiming the Gospel must be free from ulterior motives or personal rivalry. This word encapsulates the theological truth that God values not only the content of our service but also the integrity and purity of heart with which it is rendered, calling believers to a ministry characterized by genuine love for Christ and unblemished sincerity.
TRV