### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **phílēma**, represented by `{{G5370}}`, is defined as **a kiss**. It appears **7 times** across **7 unique verses** in the Bible. This term, while simple in its base definition, carries a wide range of connotations depending on its context, from a greeting of fellowship to an act of profound betrayal.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the New Testament, `{{G5370}}` is frequently used as a sign of fellowship among believers. Paul repeatedly instructs the churches to "Salute one another with an holy kiss" [[Romans 16:16]], a command echoed in his letters to the Corinthians and Thessalonians ([[1 Corinthians 16:20]], [[2 Corinthians 13:12]], [[1 Thessalonians 5:26]]). Peter gives a similar instruction, framing it as a "kiss of charity" [[1 Peter 5:14]]. However, the word is also used in two dramatically different contexts in Luke's Gospel. Jesus points out the host's lack of courtesy by noting, "Thou gavest me no kiss" [[Luke 7:45]], contrasting it with a woman's deep reverence. In its most infamous use, Jesus asks Judas, "betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?" [[Luke 22:48]], cementing the act as a symbol of treachery.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the context and nature of the `{{G5370}}` kiss:
* `{{G782}}` **aspázomai** (to enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome): This word for greeting or saluting is almost always paired with `{{G5370}}` in the epistles, establishing the "holy kiss" as a formal and customary greeting within the early church [[Romans 16:16]].
* `{{G40}}` **hágios** (sacred, holy): This modifier is crucial, describing the kiss not as a common greeting but as a "holy kiss," set apart for the community of saints [[1 Corinthians 16:20]].
* `{{G240}}` **allḗlōn** (one another): This word emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the act, as seen in the command to "Greet ye one another with an holy kiss" [[2 Corinthians 13:12]].
* `{{G2705}}` **kataphiléō** (to kiss earnestly): This term is used in contrast to `{{G5370}}` in [[Luke 7:45]], where Jesus notes that while his host gave him no simple kiss, the woman had not ceased "to kiss" his feet earnestly, signifying a deeper level of affection and reverence.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5370}}` is demonstrated by its varied applications:
* **A Sign of Sacred Fellowship:** The "holy kiss" or "kiss of charity" served as an outward expression of the unity, peace, and shared faith among the brethren in Christ ([[Romans 16:16]], [[1 Peter 5:14]]). It was an act that physically demonstrated their connection as part of one body.
* **An Instrument of Betrayal:** The use of a `{{G5370}}` by Judas to identify Jesus is a powerful illustration of corrupted affection. It turns a symbol of friendship and loyalty into a mark for an enemy, highlighting the depths of human sin [[Luke 22:48]].
* **A Measure of Honor and Reverence:** In [[Luke 7:45]], the absence of a `{{G5370}}` is presented as a failure of hospitality and honor. It shows that this simple act was an expected sign of respect, and its omission was a notable offense.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5370}}` is far more than a simple physical action. Its meaning is entirely shaped by intent. It can be a holy symbol of Christian love and fellowship, a standard of honor and welcome, or a devastating tool of betrayal. The scriptural uses of **phílēma** demonstrate how a single act can convey either sacred community or profound corruption, depending entirely on the heart behind it.
TRV