The Greek word phílēma, represented by G5370, is defined as a kiss. It appears 7 times across 7 unique verses in the Bible. This term, while simple in its base definition, carries a wide range of connotations depending on its context, from a greeting of fellowship to an act of profound betrayal.
In the New Testament, G5370 is frequently used as a sign of fellowship among believers. Paul repeatedly instructs the churches to "Salute one another with an holy kiss" Romans 16:16, a command echoed in his letters to the Corinthians and Thessalonians (1 Corinthians 16:20, 2 Corinthians 13:12, 1 Thessalonians 5:26). Peter gives a similar instruction, framing it as a "kiss of charity" 1 Peter 5:14. However, the word is also used in two dramatically different contexts in Luke's Gospel. Jesus points out the host's lack of courtesy by noting, "Thou gavest me no kiss" Luke 7:45, contrasting it with a woman's deep reverence. In its most infamous use, Jesus asks Judas, "betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?" Luke 22:48, cementing the act as a symbol of treachery.
Several related words help define the context and nature of the G5370 kiss:
- G782 aspázomai (to enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome): This word for greeting or saluting is almost always paired with G5370 in the epistles, establishing the "holy kiss" as a formal and customary greeting within the early church Romans 16:16.
- G40 hágios (sacred, holy): This modifier is crucial, describing the kiss not as a common greeting but as a "holy kiss," set apart for the community of saints 1 Corinthians 16:20.
- G240 allḗlōn (one another): This word emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the act, as seen in the command to "Greet ye one another with an holy kiss" 2 Corinthians 13:12.
- G2705 kataphiléō (to kiss earnestly): This term is used in contrast to G5370 in Luke 7:45, where Jesus notes that while his host gave him no simple kiss, the woman had not ceased "to kiss" his feet earnestly, signifying a deeper level of affection and reverence.
The theological weight of G5370 is demonstrated by its varied applications:
- A Sign of Sacred Fellowship: The "holy kiss" or "kiss of charity" served as an outward expression of the unity, peace, and shared faith among the brethren in Christ (Romans 16:16, 1 Peter 5:14). It was an act that physically demonstrated their connection as part of one body.
- An Instrument of Betrayal: The use of a G5370 by Judas to identify Jesus is a powerful illustration of corrupted affection. It turns a symbol of friendship and loyalty into a mark for an enemy, highlighting the depths of human sin Luke 22:48.
- A Measure of Honor and Reverence: In Luke 7:45, the absence of a G5370 is presented as a failure of hospitality and honor. It shows that this simple act was an expected sign of respect, and its omission was a notable offense.
In summary, G5370 is far more than a simple physical action. Its meaning is entirely shaped by intent. It can be a holy symbol of Christian love and fellowship, a standard of honor and welcome, or a devastating tool of betrayal. The scriptural uses of phílēma demonstrate how a single act can convey either sacred community or profound corruption, depending entirely on the heart behind it.
TRV