### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **pharmakeía**, represented by `{{G5331}}`, is defined as medication or "pharmacy," but by extension refers to **magic, sorcery, or witchcraft**. It appears **3 times** across **3 unique verses** in the Bible. The term’s origin in medication suggests a connection between the use of drugs or potions and the practice of magic or illicit spiritual arts.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G5331}}` is consistently presented as a grievous sin. In Galatians, it is listed as one of the works of the flesh, translated as **witchcraft** [[Galatians 5:20]]. The book of Revelation highlights its role in large-scale spiritual corruption. It is identified as one of the sins, alongside murders and fornication, from which people refused to repent [[Revelation 9:21]]. Furthermore, it is cited as the method by which Babylon deceived the world, stating, "by thy **sorceries** were all nations deceived" [[Revelation 18:23]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several other terms appear alongside `{{G5331}}`, placing it within a broader context of sinful behavior:
* `{{G1495}}` **eidōlolatreía** (image-worship (literally or figuratively):--idolatry): This word is listed directly before witchcraft in Galatians, linking occult practices with the worship of false gods [[Galatians 5:20]].
* `{{G2189}}` **échthra** (hostility; by implication, a reason for opposition:--enmity, hatred): Also found in the Galatians list, this term highlights the relational brokenness that stems from the works of the flesh [[Galatians 5:20]].
* `{{G5408}}` **phónos** (from an obsolete primary (to slay); murder:--murder, + be slain with, slaughter): In Revelation, sorceries are grouped with murder as a sign of unrepentance [[Revelation 9:21]].
* `{{G4202}}` **porneía** (from πορνεύω; harlotry (including adultery and incest); figuratively, idolatry:--fornication): This term for sexual immorality is frequently listed with sorcery, indicating a pattern of deep moral and spiritual corruption [[Revelation 9:21]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5331}}` is significant, serving as a clear condemnation of occult activities.
* **A Work of the Flesh:** Its inclusion in the list in [[Galatians 5:20]] firmly places witchcraft in opposition to the fruit of the Spirit, identifying it as a carnal, ungodly practice.
* **A Tool of Deception:** The use of **sorceries** to deceive all nations in Revelation demonstrates its power as an instrument of widespread spiritual delusion in the end times [[Revelation 18:23]].
* **A Sign of a Hardened Heart:** Being listed among the sins that people did not repent of, `{{G5331}}` signifies a profound rebellion and refusal to turn to God [[Revelation 9:21]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5331}}` moves beyond its root meaning of "medication" to describe the dark arts of sorcery and witchcraft. Scripture presents it unequivocally as a sin associated with idolatry, deception, and a rebellious heart. It functions as a stern warning against engaging in occultism, which is shown to be a destructive practice that stands in direct opposition to God.
TRV