### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term `{{G5192}}` (hyákinthos) refers to the "hyacinth" or "jacinth," a precious gemstone. Its precise derivation is noted as uncertain, but its primary semantic range unequivocally points to a specific type of gem characterized by a deep blue color, sometimes verging on purple. While the modern "hyacinth" flower bears the same name, the biblical usage, particularly in the Book of Revelation, refers exclusively to the mineral. Scholars often identify it with a variety of zircon, known for its deep blue or bluish-purple hue. This word functions as a descriptor of material and color, contributing to the rich sensory imagery of the apocalyptic vision.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term `{{G5192}}` appears twice in the New Testament, both instances found within the Book of Revelation, where it contributes significantly to the vivid eschatological imagery:
* **[[Revelation 9:17]]**: "And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and those who sat on them, having breastplates of fiery red, hyacinth blue, and sulfur yellow; and the heads of the horses were like the heads of lions; and out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and brimstone."
In this context, `{{G5192}}` describes the color of the breastplates worn by the demonic horsemen of the sixth trumpet judgment. The "hyacinth blue" (ὑακίνθινος) here contributes to a palette of terrifying colors—fiery red, deep blue, and sulfur yellow—that evoke images of destruction, plague, and divine wrath. The deep, dark blue or purplish hue, when combined with red and yellow, paints a picture of fire, smoke, and the ominous atmosphere of judgment. It signifies a dark, foreboding aspect, aligning with the destructive nature of these supernatural forces.
* **[[Revelation 21:20]]**: "the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprase; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst."
Here, `{{G5192}}` (jacinth) is listed as the eleventh of the twelve foundation stones of the New Jerusalem. In stark contrast to the context of judgment in [[Revelation 9:17]], its appearance here is within a vision of ultimate glory, beauty, and divine perfection. Each of the twelve stones contributes to the unparalleled splendor and radiance of the heavenly city, symbolizing the preciousness and eternal security of God's dwelling place with His redeemed people. The deep blue color of the jacinth adds to the kaleidoscope of colors, reflecting the light of God's glory and signifying the divine order and beauty of the new creation.
These two occurrences demonstrate the versatility of symbolic color in apocalyptic literature, where the same gem, by its hue, can contribute to images of both judgment and ultimate glory, depending on its narrative context.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary relationship of `{{G5192}}` is with other precious gemstones mentioned throughout Scripture, particularly in contexts of divine glory, sacred objects, and heavenly visions.
* **Other Gemstones**: In [[Revelation 21]], `{{G5192}}` is one of twelve distinct foundation stones, including `{{G2348}}` (jasper), `{{G4572}}` (sapphire), `{{G4665}}` (sardonyx), `{{G2377}}` (chrysolite), `{{G1405}}` (beryl), `{{G5116}}` (topaz), and `{{G270}}` (amethyst). This collective imagery points to a comprehensive display of divine beauty and value.
* **Old Testament Precedents**: The concept of precious stones used in sacred contexts has deep roots in the Old Testament, most notably in the breastplate of the high priest ([[Exodus 28:15-21]]), which contained twelve different stones, each representing a tribe of Israel. While `{{G5192}}` is not explicitly named in the Masoretic Text's list for the Ephod, the overall typology of divine presence and representation through precious stones is clearly linked. The New Jerusalem's foundations can be seen as a fulfillment and transfiguration of these earlier sacred symbols.
* **Colors**: The "deep blue" or "bluish-purple" hue of `{{G5192}}` connects it to broader biblical symbolism of colors. Blue often represents heaven, divinity, truth, and the divine presence (e.g., the blue cord on the high priest's garments, [[Exodus 28:28]]). Purple is associated with royalty, wealth, and majesty (e.g., [[Judges 8:26]], [[Mark 15:17]]). In Revelation, these colors contribute to the symbolic language of God's attributes and actions.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5192}}` is primarily derived from its dual contextual application in Revelation, illustrating contrasting aspects of divine action and presence:
* **Divine Judgment and Wrath**: In [[Revelation 9:17]], the "hyacinth blue" breastplates of the demonic horsemen contribute to the terrifying imagery of God's righteous judgment. The color, in this context, evokes the darkness, severity, and destructive power unleashed upon an unrepentant world. It underscores the reality and intensity of divine retribution against sin.
* **Divine Glory and New Creation**: As a foundation stone of the New Jerusalem in [[Revelation 21:20]], the jacinth symbolizes the beauty, permanence, and divine origin of God's eternal dwelling place. Each stone in the foundation contributes to the city's radiant splendor, reflecting the glory of God and the Lamb. This signifies the preciousness of God's redeemed people, the secure and immutable foundation of His eternal kingdom, and the ultimate triumph of His creative and redemptive purposes. The inclusion of such a precious stone emphasizes the immeasurable value and divine perfection of the new heavens and new earth.
* **Symbolic Richness**: The use of `{{G5192}}` highlights the rich symbolic language of apocalyptic literature, where even a specific color or gem can carry profound theological weight. It demonstrates God's sovereignty over all things, whether in judgment or in the establishment of His perfect kingdom.
### Summary
The Greek term `{{G5192}}` (hyákinthos), referring to the "jacinth" or "hyacinth," a deep blue or bluish-purple gemstone, holds significant symbolic weight within the Book of Revelation. Its two occurrences present a striking contrast: in [[Revelation 9:17]], it contributes to the ominous and destructive imagery of divine judgment, depicting the terrifying breastplates of demonic horsemen. Conversely, in [[Revelation 21:20]], it is listed as the eleventh foundation stone of the New Jerusalem, signifying the city's unparalleled beauty, divine glory, and eternal security. This dual application underscores the comprehensive nature of God's sovereignty, encompassing both righteous judgment and the glorious establishment of His eternal kingdom. As a precious stone, `{{G5192}}` enriches the visual tapestry of the Apocalypse, contributing to the profound theological messages of God's justice and His ultimate redemptive work.
TRV