from (boldness; probably itself from the base of τέλος through the idea of extreme conduct); to venture (objectively or in act; while θαῤῥέω is rather subjective or in feeling); by implication, to be courageous:--be bold, boldly, dare, durst.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **tolmáō**, represented by `{{G5111}}`, describes the act of venturing or being courageous. It appears **18 times** in **15 unique verses**. The word denotes an objective action of daring to do something, as opposed to a subjective feeling of courage. It is used to describe both righteous boldness and improper presumption, often in situations involving risk or a challenge to authority.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical usage, `{{G5111}}` often signifies a hesitation to act in the presence of overwhelming authority or holiness. After Jesus' resurrection, none of the disciples **durst** ask who he was, knowing it was the Lord [[John 21:12]]. Similarly, after Jesus wisely answered his questioners, no one **durst** ask him any more questions ([[Matthew 22:46]], [[Mark 12:34]]). Conversely, the term can describe a commendable act of courage. Joseph of Arimathaea **boldly** went to Pilate to request the body of Jesus [[Mark 15:43]]. Paul also uses the term to describe the brethren who, inspired by his imprisonment, are much more **bold** to speak the word without fear [[Philippians 1:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of daring and boldness:
* `{{G2292}}` **tharrhéō** (to exercise courage): This word describes a subjective feeling of confidence, whereas `{{G5111}}` is more about the objective act of daring. Paul uses both when he says he has the **confidence** `{{G4006}}` with which he thinks to be **bold** `{{G5111}}` against his critics [[2 Corinthians 10:2]].
* `{{G1905}}` **eperōtáō** (to ask for, i.e. inquire, seek): This word for asking questions is frequently used in contexts where people **durst** not `{{G5111}}` approach Jesus because of His profound wisdom and authority [[Luke 20:40]].
* `{{G1252}}` **diakrínō** (to separate thoroughly, i.e. ... oppose; ... contend): This word highlights a limit to confrontation. In [[Jude 1:9]], Michael the archangel, while **contending** `{{G1252}}` with the devil, **durst** not `{{G5111}}` bring a railing accusation against him.
* `{{G870}}` **aphóbōs** (fearlessly): This adverb is directly linked with `{{G5111}}` to show that bold action is often accompanied by a lack of fear. Believers in Philippi were more **bold** `{{G5111}}` to speak the word **without fear** `{{G870}}` [[Philippians 1:14]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5111}}` is evident in its application to divine encounters and Christian conduct.
* **Reverence for Authority:** The word frequently appears in the negative to demonstrate proper respect for divine power. Moses **durst** not behold God at the burning bush [[Acts 7:32]], and even the archangel Michael deferred judgment to the Lord [[Jude 1:9]]. This illustrates a holy fear and recognition of God's supreme position.
* **Courage in Faith:** When used positively, `{{G5111}}` signifies a boldness that stems from faith in God, not from self-reliance. Joseph of Arimathaea acted **boldly** out of devotion [[Mark 15:43]]. Paul's willingness to be **bold** is rooted in his apostolic ministry for Christ [[2 Corinthians 11:21]].
* **Humility in Service:** The apostle Paul is careful about what he will **dare** to do. He will not **dare** to compare himself with those who measure by worldly standards [[2 Corinthians 10:12]] and will only **dare** to speak of what Christ has accomplished through him [[Romans 15:18]], showing that true spiritual boldness is tempered with humility.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5111}}` is more than just a word for daring. It defines a critical line between righteous courage and foolish presumption. It shows that true boldness is an action rooted in faith and reverence for God's authority, while appropriate hesitation can be a sign of wisdom and humility. The use of **tolmáō** in scripture provides a powerful illustration of when to act with fearless conviction and when to stand in reverent awe.
TRV