The Greek word tolmáō, represented by G5111, describes the act of venturing or being courageous. It appears 18 times in 15 unique verses. The word denotes an objective action of daring to do something, as opposed to a subjective feeling of courage. It is used to describe both righteous boldness and improper presumption, often in situations involving risk or a challenge to authority.
In biblical usage, G5111 often signifies a hesitation to act in the presence of overwhelming authority or holiness. After Jesus' resurrection, none of the disciples durst ask who he was, knowing it was the Lord John 21:12. Similarly, after Jesus wisely answered his questioners, no one durst ask him any more questions (Matthew 22:46, Mark 12:34). Conversely, the term can describe a commendable act of courage. Joseph of Arimathaea boldly went to Pilate to request the body of Jesus Mark 15:43. Paul also uses the term to describe the brethren who, inspired by his imprisonment, are much more bold to speak the word without fear Philippians 1:14.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of daring and boldness:
- G2292 tharrhéō (to exercise courage): This word describes a subjective feeling of confidence, whereas G5111 is more about the objective act of daring. Paul uses both when he says he has the confidence G4006 with which he thinks to be bold G5111 against his critics 2 Corinthians 10:2.
- G1905 eperōtáō (to ask for, i.e. inquire, seek): This word for asking questions is frequently used in contexts where people durst not G5111 approach Jesus because of His profound wisdom and authority Luke 20:40.
- G1252 diakrínō (to separate thoroughly, i.e. ... oppose; ... contend): This word highlights a limit to confrontation. In Jude 1:9, Michael the archangel, while contending G1252 with the devil, durst not G5111 bring a railing accusation against him.
- G870 aphóbōs (fearlessly): This adverb is directly linked with G5111 to show that bold action is often accompanied by a lack of fear. Believers in Philippi were more bold G5111 to speak the word without fear G870 Philippians 1:14.
The theological weight of G5111 is evident in its application to divine encounters and Christian conduct.
- Reverence for Authority: The word frequently appears in the negative to demonstrate proper respect for divine power. Moses durst not behold God at the burning bush Acts 7:32, and even the archangel Michael deferred judgment to the Lord Jude 1:9. This illustrates a holy fear and recognition of God's supreme position.
- Courage in Faith: When used positively, G5111 signifies a boldness that stems from faith in God, not from self-reliance. Joseph of Arimathaea acted boldly out of devotion Mark 15:43. Paul's willingness to be bold is rooted in his apostolic ministry for Christ 2 Corinthians 11:21.
- Humility in Service: The apostle Paul is careful about what he will dare to do. He will not dare to compare himself with those who measure by worldly standards 2 Corinthians 10:12 and will only dare to speak of what Christ has accomplished through him Romans 15:18, showing that true spiritual boldness is tempered with humility.
In summary, G5111 is more than just a word for daring. It defines a critical line between righteous courage and foolish presumption. It shows that true boldness is an action rooted in faith and reverence for God's authority, while appropriate hesitation can be a sign of wisdom and humility. The use of tolmáō in scripture provides a powerful illustration of when to act with fearless conviction and when to stand in reverent awe.
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