σύμφωνος

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word sýmphōnos, represented by G4859, means consent. Derived from words meaning "sounding together," it figuratively describes an accordant agreement. It is a rare term, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The single use of G4859 occurs in a teaching on marriage. It establishes the principle of mutual agreement between spouses, stating that they should not defraud one another except it be with consent for a limited time. This temporary agreement is for the specific purpose of devoting themselves to fasting and prayer, after which they are to come together again to avoid temptation from Satan 1 Corinthians 7:5.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words in the passage clarify the context of this agreement:

• G650 aposteréō (to despoil): This word for defraud describes the action that is forbidden without mutual consent. It is also used to describe the unjust action of keeping back wages by fraud James 5:4.
• G240 allḗlōn (one another): This term highlights the reciprocal nature of the marital relationship and the need for mutual action, such as loving one another John 13:34 or forgiving one another Ephesians 4:32.
• G192 akrasía (want of self-restraint): This term, translated as incontinency, provides the reason for the warning against prolonged separation, as a lack of self-restraint can lead to temptation 1 Corinthians 7:5. It is also used to describe excess in a more general sense Matthew 23:25.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4859 is concentrated in its single application, establishing key principles for marital conduct.

• Mutual Consent: The word underscores that decisions regarding intimacy within marriage are to be mutual and harmonious ("sounding together"), not unilateral. This reflects a broader biblical theme of mutual care for one another 1 Corinthians 7:5.
• Spiritually Focused Purpose: The agreement for temporary abstinence is not for selfish reasons but to "give yourselves to fasting and prayer," sanctifying the time apart for a spiritual purpose 1 Corinthians 7:5.
• Guard Against Temptation: The instruction to come together again is a practical guard against temptation from Satan due to "incontinency" 1 Corinthians 7:5, showing that such agreements must be made with wisdom and an awareness of human weakness.

Summary

In summary, while G4859 appears only once, its meaning of consent is pivotal. In its sole context, it provides a foundational principle for marital relationships, grounding decisions in mutuality and shared spiritual goals. It demonstrates how a single, carefully chosen word can establish a framework for relational integrity and protection against spiritual attack.