### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **syllypéō**, represented by `{{G4818}}`, means **to afflict jointly** or, in its passive form, to **be grieved** on account of someone. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible, making its single usage highly significant.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{G4818}}` is in [[Mark 3:5]]. In this account, Jesus encounters a man with a withered hand. He **looked round about on them with anger** [[Mark 3:5]], **being grieved** for the **hardness** `{{G4457}}` of their **hearts** `{{G2588}}`. His profound sorrow is a direct response to their spiritual callousness in the face of human need and divine power. This emotion precedes the miraculous healing, as Jesus then commands the **man** `{{G444}}` to **stretch forth** his **hand** `{{G5495}}`, and it was **restored** `{{G600}}` **whole** `{{G5199}}` [[Mark 3:5]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context illuminate the meaning of `{{G4818}}`:
* `{{G3709}}` **orgḗ** (anger): This word for wrath or indignation is paired directly with Jesus's grief, showing a complex and righteous emotional response [[Mark 3:5]].
* `{{G4457}}` **pṓrōsis** (hardness): Defined as stupidity or callousness, this is the specific reason for Jesus being grieved [[Mark 3:5]]. It is also used to describe the spiritual **blindness** of Israel [[Romans 11:25]].
* `{{G2588}}` **kardía** (heart): This refers to the center of thoughts and feelings. The hardness was not intellectual but a deep-seated spiritual condition of their **hearts** [[Mark 3:5]].
* `{{G600}}` **apokathístēmi** (restored): Meaning to reconstitute, this is the action that follows Jesus's grief and anger, showing his ultimate purpose is restoration, not just judgment [[Mark 3:5]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4818}}` is significant despite its single use.
* **Divine Sorrow:** The use of `{{G4818}}` reveals that Jesus experiences deep, personal sorrow in response to human sin. His grief is not a detached disappointment but a shared affliction over spiritual stubbornness.
* **Grief over Hardness of Heart:** Jesus is **grieved** specifically because of the **hardness of their hearts** [[Mark 3:5]]. This highlights that a state of spiritual callousness and unbelief is profoundly grievous to God.
* **Emotion and Action:** Jesus’s grief, combined with **anger** `{{G3709}}`, does not paralyze Him. Instead, it immediately precedes a powerful act of healing. This shows that His sorrow coexists with His restorative and redemptive power [[Mark 3:5]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4818}}` offers a rare and poignant glimpse into the emotional life of Christ. Though used only once, it powerfully conveys that Jesus feels a deep, personal sorrow in response to the hardness of the human heart. This grief, paired with righteous anger, does not lead to inaction but instead precedes a powerful act of restoration, highlighting the compassionate and redemptive nature of God.
TRV