from a comparative of σύν and (to light or happen; from the base of κύριος); concurrence, i.e. accident:--chance.
Transliteration:synkyría
Pronunciation:soong-koo-ree'-ah
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term συγκυρία (synkyría, `{{G4795}}`) is a compound word derived from σύν (syn), meaning "with" or "together," and a root related to κύριος (kyrios), which in this etymological context refers to "what happens by authority" or "what is decisive." Thus, συγκυρία fundamentally denotes a "concurrence" or a "happening together." Its semantic range in the New Testament is limited to the idea of "chance" or "accident," implying an event that occurs without deliberate human planning or foresight, often perceived as random. This sense of "chance" is crucial for understanding its single biblical occurrence.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word συγκυρία (`{{G4795}}`) appears only once in the entire New Testament, specifically in [[Luke 10:31]]. This occurrence is found within the Parable of the Good Samaritan, where it describes the arrival of the priest: "Now by chance (κατὰ συγκυρίαν) a priest was going down that road." Subsequently, a Levite also comes to the place. The use of συγκυρία here emphasizes that, from a human perspective, the timing of the priest's and Levite's presence was coincidental or accidental. It was not a planned encounter but a seemingly random event. However, within the narrative's theological framework, this "chance" encounter is precisely what sets the stage for the parable's profound message about compassion, highlighting the moral failure of those who should have helped and the surprising righteousness of the Samaritan.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary root σύν (syn) as a prefix is ubiquitous in Greek, indicating association, simultaneity, or completion. While συγκυρία is distinct, its meaning of "chance" or "accident" stands in contrast to concepts of divine providence or intentionality. Other Greek words that might convey "chance" or "fate" (e.g., τύχη, tyche) are largely absent or used differently in the New Testament, as the biblical worldview generally rejects blind chance in favor of God's sovereign control. The concept of "coincidence" in human experience is the closest parallel to συγκυρία, yet even such occurrences are often understood within a divine framework in biblical thought, sometimes referred to as "divine appointments" or "providential encounters."
### Theological Significance
Despite its solitary appearance, the theological significance of συγκυρία (`{{G4795}}`) in [[Luke 10:31]] is noteworthy. While the word itself describes an event as "by chance" from a human viewpoint, the broader biblical narrative consistently affirms God's sovereignty over all events, including those that appear random to human observers. The parable's use of συγκυρία does not imply that God's control is suspended; rather, it serves as a narrative device to underscore the unexpected nature of the encounters and the subsequent moral choices made. The "chance" arrival of the priest and Levite is crucial for the dramatic tension and the powerful ethical lesson Jesus conveys. From a theological perspective, what appears as συγκυρία to humanity is often part of God's overarching, purposeful plan, orchestrating circumstances to reveal character, teach truth, or accomplish His divine will. It highlights the tension between human perception and divine orchestration.
### Summary
συγκυρία (synkyría, `{{G4795}}`) is a unique Greek term appearing only in [[Luke 10:31]], meaning "concurrence" or "chance." In the Parable of the Good Samaritan, it describes the seemingly accidental arrival of the priest and Levite on the road. While the word conveys a human perception of randomness, its use within a divinely inspired text underscores that even "chance" occurrences can be integral to God's sovereign plan. The term serves as a narrative device to set up the moral dilemma and the profound teaching of the parable, rather than asserting a realm of events outside divine oversight. It subtly reinforces the biblical understanding that God can use even the most seemingly random events to fulfill His purposes and reveal His truth.
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