The Greek word antikaléō, represented by G479, is defined as to invite in return or bid again. It appears 2 times across 1 unique verses in the Bible. The word is a compound formed from ἀντί, meaning "in return," and καλέω, meaning "to call," which gives it the specific sense of a reciprocal invitation.
The single biblical context for G479 is found in a teaching from Jesus about hospitality. In this passage, he advises that when giving a dinner or a supper, one should not invite friends or rich neighbors, "lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence be made thee" Luke 14:12. Here, G479 describes the act of receiving a return invitation, which Jesus contrasts with a higher form of reward.
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of G479:
- G2564 kaléō (to "call"): This is the root verb of G479. It signifies the general act of calling or bidding, such as when God has "called" believers out of darkness 1 Peter 2:9 or when Jesus came to "call" sinners to repentance Matthew 9:13.
- G468 antapódoma (a requital): This word for "recompence" is used in the same clause as G479 in Luke 14:12. It establishes a direct link between the return invitation and the concept of an earthly, transactional reward.
- G5455 phōnéō (to emit a sound... call (for)): Used in Luke 14:12 for the initial invitation ("call not thy friends"), this word's presence alongside G479 emphasizes the distinction between a primary call and a reciprocal one.
- G2532 kaí (and, also, even): This particle connects the act of being bid again with its consequence, linking the return invitation and the resulting recompense as a single outcome to be avoided Luke 14:12.
The theological weight of G479 is tied exclusively to its use in Luke 14:12, where it illustrates a key principle of kingdom ethics.
- Reciprocal Motivation: The word is used within a warning against actions motivated by the expectation of a direct, earthly return. It highlights a worldly system of social obligation that Jesus advises his followers to transcend.
- Contrasting Rewards: The use of G479 sets up a clear contrast between a social "recompence" (a return invitation) and a spiritual reward. The passage discourages seeking the former to prioritize the latter.
- Kingdom Hospitality: By warning against inviting those who can bid again, Jesus redefines hospitality not as a social transaction but as an act of selfless charity toward those who cannot repay in kind.
In summary, G479 is a highly specific word whose meaning, "to invite in return," is crucial for understanding the moral teaching in its only biblical appearance. Though rare, it powerfully conveys the concept of reciprocal social exchange, which Jesus uses as a foil to teach a deeper lesson about selfless generosity and the nature of true reward within the kingdom of God.
TRV