### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **antikathístēmi**, represented by `{{G478}}`, means to set down against, withstand, or **resist**. Derived from ἀντί and καθίστημι, it carries the imagery of positioning troops for opposition. It is a rare term, appearing **2 times** within **1 unique verses** in the Bible, highlighting a specific and intense form of opposition.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single context for `{{G478}}` is [[Hebrews 12:4]], where it is used to describe the believer's struggle against sin. The verse states, "Ye have not yet **resisted** unto blood, striving against sin." This usage emphasizes a direct, active, and personal opposition. The word appears twice in this verse, underscoring the confrontational nature of the action. It portrays a spiritual battle where believers are called to stand their ground and **resist** the influence of sin `{{G266}}`, even though their struggle had not yet reached the point of shedding blood `{{G129}}`.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in this context illuminate the nature of this spiritual resistance:
* `{{G464}}` **antagōnízomai** (strive against): Used alongside `{{G478}}` in [[Hebrews 12:4]], this word means to struggle against or "antagonize." It reinforces the idea of an active and strenuous conflict, not a passive avoidance.
* `{{G266}}` **hamartía** (sin): This is the object of the resistance. Defined as a sin or offense, it is presented as the adversary that must be withstood. The necessity for this struggle is seen in verses where sin is what requires confession and cleansing [[1 John 1:9]].
* `{{G129}}` **haîma** (blood): This word defines the extent of the resistance mentioned in [[Hebrews 12:4]]. It signifies the ultimate point of conflict, suggesting a struggle to the point of death, and stands in contrast to the atoning **blood** of Christ which cleanses from sin [[1 John 1:7]].
* `{{G3768}}` **oúpō** (not yet): This term qualifies the action in [[Hebrews 12:4]], indicating that the believers' resistance had "not yet" reached its ultimate potential cost.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G478}}` is significant despite its rarity, focusing on the reality of spiritual warfare.
* **Active Opposition to Sin:** The word frames the Christian life as requiring a deliberate and forceful stance against sin `{{G266}}`. It is not a passive state but an active "withstanding," as seen in the command to "lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us" [[Hebrews 12:1]].
* **The Cost of Discipleship:** By stating the believers had "not yet resisted unto blood" [[Hebrews 12:4]], the text implies that the struggle against sin is a serious conflict that can involve immense sacrifice. It sets a high standard for commitment in the believer's spiritual battle.
* **The Nature of Spiritual Conflict:** The context of resisting sin rather than "flesh and blood" [[Ephesians 6:12]] clarifies that the battle is internal and spiritual. The resistance is directed toward a moral and spiritual enemy, `{{G266}}`, which is ultimately defeated by the blood `{{G129}}` of the Lamb [[Revelation 12:11]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G478}}` provides a powerful and specific image of spiritual conflict. Though used in only one verse, it defines the believer's relationship with sin as one of active, determined **resistance**. It calls for a struggle and a striving `{{G464}}` against sin `{{G266}}`, setting a standard of opposition that, in its highest form, could be "unto blood" `{{G129}}`. The word serves as a potent reminder of the serious and confrontational nature of the Christian walk.
TRV