### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective σπόριμος (spórimos, `{{G4702}}`) is derived from σπόρος (sporos, `{{G4703}}`), meaning "seed" or "sowing." Consequently, σπόριμος inherently denotes that which is "sown" or "planted." In its New Testament usage, particularly in the neuter plural form, it functions as a substantive, referring to a "sown field" or "planted field." The semantic range is therefore quite narrow, specifically indicating agricultural land under cultivation, typically for grain. Translations often render it as "grain field" or "cornfield," emphasizing its direct connection to cultivated crops intended for sustenance.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term σπόριμος (spórimos, `{{G4702}}`) appears exclusively in the Synoptic Gospels, always in the identical context of the disciples passing through grain fields on the Sabbath and plucking heads of grain.
* In [[Matthew 12:1]], it is stated that Jesus "went through the grainfields on the Sabbath."
* Similarly, [[Mark 2:23]] records, "He was going through the grainfields on the Sabbath."
* And in [[Luke 6:1]], "He was going through the grainfields on a Sabbath."
In all three instances, the word sets the scene for a pivotal encounter between Jesus and the Pharisees concerning the interpretation and observance of the Sabbath law. The "grain field" (τῶν σπορίμων) is not merely a topographical detail but the very locus of the disciples' action—plucking grain—which the Pharisees deemed unlawful work on the Sabbath. This specific setting underscores the disciples' basic human need (hunger) and provides the backdrop for Jesus' authoritative teaching regarding the true purpose of the Sabbath.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most direct linguistic relatives of σπόριμος (spórimos, `{{G4702}}`) are:
* σπόρος (sporos, `{{G4703}}`): The noun meaning "seed" or "sowing," from which σπόριμος is directly derived. This foundational word highlights the agricultural process of planting.
* σπείρω (speirō, `{{G4687}}`): The verb "to sow," which describes the action that results in a σπόριμος field.
Beyond its etymological roots, σπόριμος connects to broader biblical themes:
* **Agricultural Imagery:** The word is part of a rich tapestry of agricultural metaphors and parables used by Jesus, such as the Parable of the Sower, the harvest, and the growth of seeds, all of which speak to spiritual truths through common agricultural experiences.
* **Sabbath Observance:** Its exclusive context links it intrinsically to the Sabbath controversies, serving as the physical setting for Jesus' teaching on the spirit versus the letter of the law. This connects it to discussions about human need, divine provision, and the authority of Christ over the Law.
### Theological Significance
While σπόριμος (spórimos, `{{G4702}}`) is a descriptive term for a physical location, its theological significance is profound due to its singular usage in the Sabbath narratives. The "grain field" becomes more than just a place; it is a symbol and a catalyst for profound theological discourse.
1. **Human Need vs. Legalism:** The disciples' act of plucking grain in the σπόριμος highlights their basic human need for sustenance. The Pharisees' condemnation, however, exposes a rigid legalism that prioritized ritualistic observance over human well-being. The σπόριμος thus frames the tension between the letter of the law and the spirit of compassion.
2. **Jesus' Authority over the Sabbath:** In response to the Pharisees' accusations, Jesus famously declares, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath" ([[Mark 2:27-28]]). The σπόριμος serves as the stage for this declaration of Christ's supreme authority, demonstrating that the Sabbath, a divine institution, is intended for humanity's benefit and is subject to the Lordship of Jesus.
3. **Divine Provision:** A grain field is a place of provision. The very presence of the grain signifies God's ongoing provision for His people. The disciples' ability to pluck and eat from it, even on the Sabbath, underscores that God's provision for basic needs takes precedence over human-made interpretations of the law.
### Summary
σπόριμος (spórimos, `{{G4702}}`) is a Greek adjective, used substantively in the New Testament to denote a "sown field" or "grain field." Derived from σπόρος (`{{G4703}}`, "seed"), it appears exclusively in the Synoptic Gospels ([[Matthew 12:1]], [[Mark 2:23]], [[Luke 6:1]]) as the setting for the disciples' act of plucking grain on the Sabbath. Theologically, the σπόριμος serves as the critical backdrop for Jesus' teaching on the true purpose of the Sabbath, emphasizing that human need and divine compassion take precedence over rigid legalistic interpretations. It underscores Jesus' authority as "Lord of the Sabbath" and highlights the principle of God's gracious provision for humanity.
TRV