### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **skythrōpós**, represented by `{{G4659}}`, describes a **sad countenance**. It appears **2 times** in **2 unique verses** in the Bible. The term specifically refers to an outward appearance that is gloomy or mournful, suggesting a sullen or angry visage.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G4659}}` is used in two distinct contexts. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus uses the term to admonish those who fast not to be "of a **sad countenance**" like the hypocrites, who intentionally put on a mournful appearance to be seen by others [[Matthew 6:16]]. Conversely, it is used to describe the genuine sorrow of the disciples on the road to Emmaus, who were **sad** as they walked and discussed the recent crucifixion [[Luke 24:17]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words expand upon the concept of appearance and sincerity:
* `{{G5273}}` **hypokritḗs** (hypocrite): This term for a dissembler or "stage-player" is used directly in conjunction with `{{G4659}}` to describe those who adopt a sad look for public show while fasting [[Matthew 6:16]].
* `{{G853}}` **aphanízō** (disfigure): This word, meaning to render unapparent, is used to describe the action of the hypocrites who **disfigure** their faces to emphasize their fasting [[Matthew 6:16]].
* `{{G4383}}` **prósōpon** (face): As the physical canvas for a sad countenance, this word for **face** or countenance is what the hypocrites disfigure to appear sad to others [[Matthew 6:16]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4659}}` centers on the distinction between authentic emotion and insincere religious performance.
* **Authenticity in Worship:** The term is used to critique performative piety. Jesus's command not to be of a "sad countenance" during fasting teaches that spiritual disciplines should not be done for the approval of men [[Matthew 6:16]].
* **Expression of Genuine Sorrow:** The word's use in Luke's Gospel shows that an outward expression of sadness is not inherently negative. The disciples on the road to Emmaus were genuinely **sad**, and their appearance reflected their inner grief [[Luke 24:17]].
* **Warning Against Hypocrisy:** The primary context in Matthew links a deliberately **sad** appearance with the actions of a **hypocrite** `{{G5273}}`, who disfigures their face for a public reward, thus forfeiting a heavenly one.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4659}}` is a specific descriptor for a **sad countenance**. It is a concise yet powerful word that illustrates a key biblical teaching: the importance of sincerity over outward show. Its two appearances contrast the performative grief of a **hypocrite** [[Matthew 6:16]] with the genuine sorrow of a follower of Christ [[Luke 24:17]], highlighting that the state of the heart, not just the appearance of the face, is what matters.
TRV