### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **anthrakiá**, represented by `{{G439}}`, refers to **a bed of burning coals** or a **fire of coals**. It is a specific term derived from ἄνθραξ. Despite its vivid imagery, it is used sparingly in scripture, appearing only **2 times** in **2 unique verses**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two appearances of `{{G439}}` occur in the Gospel of John and frame a significant moment of failure and restoration for the apostle Peter. In the first instance, as Peter waits in the high priest's courtyard, the servants and officers have **made** `{{G4160}}` a **fire of coals** `{{G439}}` because it was **cold** `{{G5592}}`, and Peter stands with them warming himself [[John 18:18]]. In the second instance, after the resurrection, the disciples come ashore and find a **fire of coals** `{{G439}}` already prepared, with fish and bread on it [[John 21:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the scenes involving the **fire of coals**:
* `{{G4160}}` **poiéō** (to make or do): This word is used to describe the origin of the first fire, which was **made** by the servants and officers [[John 18:18]].
* `{{G5592}}` **psýchos** (coolness, cold): This word establishes the reason for the fire in the courtyard; it was because of the **cold** that the group gathered for warmth [[John 18:18]].
* `{{G2328}}` **thermaínō** (to heat oneself, be warmed): This describes the action of Peter and the others at the first fire, where they **warmed themselves** [[John 18:18]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G439}}` is found in the powerful contrast between its two uses.
* **A Fire of Denial:** The first fire is man-made, a response to physical **cold** `{{G5592}}`. It is at this **fire of coals** that Peter, seeking physical warmth, distances himself from Christ and denies him [[John 18:18]]. The fire is a backdrop for human weakness and failure.
* **A Fire of Restoration:** The second **fire of coals** is not made by the disciples; they simply find it upon arriving at the shore, prepared for them with food [[John 21:9]]. This fire, provided by the resurrected Jesus, becomes the setting for fellowship and the restoration of Peter.
### Summary
In summary, **anthrakiá** `{{G439}}` is a term whose importance transcends its simple definition. Though mentioned only twice, it marks two pivotal scenes in Peter's journey. It moves from a fire of human making, associated with fear and denial, to a fire of divine provision, associated with grace, fellowship, and reconciliation.
TRV