### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **proskaléomai**, represented by `{{G4341}}`, means **to call toward oneself, i.e. summon, invite**. It appears 31 times across 30 unique verses in the Bible. This term signifies a personal and authoritative call, where an individual or group is specifically summoned into the presence of the one calling for a particular purpose.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G4341}}` is predominantly used to describe the actions of Jesus and other figures of authority. Jesus frequently **called** his disciples to him, either to impart instructions or to grant them power and authority for ministry [[Matthew 10:1]]. He also **called** the multitude to him to deliver important teachings, such as the command to hear and understand what truly defiles a person [[Matthew 15:10]]. The act of calling is not limited to Jesus; the Holy Ghost **called** Barnabas and Saul for the work they were appointed to do [[Acts 13:2]]. In the early church, the apostles **called** the disciples together to address administrative needs [[Acts 6:2]], and believers are instructed to **call** for the elders when they are sick [[James 5:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help illuminate the context and implications of being called:
* `{{G3101}}` **mathētḗs** (a learner, i.e. pupil): This word identifies the primary recipients of the call. The disciples (mathētḗs) are the ones whom Jesus **called** to Himself to form the foundation of his ministry and to receive His teaching and authority [[Matthew 10:1]].
* `{{G1325}}` **dídōmi** (to give): The act of calling is often immediately followed by the act of giving. After Jesus **called** the twelve disciples, he **gave** them power over unclean spirits, demonstrating that the summons was for the purpose of bestowing a gift or commission ([[Matthew 10:1]], [[Mark 6:7]]).
* `{{G873}}` **aphorízō** (to set off by boundary, i.e. (figuratively) limit, exclude, appoint, etc.): This term reveals the result of a divine call. The Holy Spirit instructed the church leaders to **separate** Barnabas and Saul for the specific work to which He had **called** them, highlighting that the call is an act of setting someone apart for a special purpose [[Acts 13:2]].
* `{{G190}}` **akolouthéō** (to be in the same way with, i.e. to accompany (specially, as a disciple)): This is the required response to the call of discipleship. After Jesus **called** the people and his disciples, he commanded that anyone who would come after him must "deny himself... and **follow** me" [[Mark 8:34]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4341}}` is significant, establishing key principles of divine interaction with humanity.
* **Divine Initiative:** The use of `{{G4341}}` consistently shows that the summons originates with God. Jesus **calleth** unto him whom he would [[Mark 3:13]], and the promise is for "as many as the Lord our God shall **call**" [[Acts 2:39]]. This emphasizes that the relationship with God begins with His sovereign and purposeful initiative.
* **The Summons to Discipleship:** To be a disciple is to first be **called**. This is not a casual invitation but a definitive summons that demands a response. Jesus **called** the people to explain the cost of following him, linking the call directly to self-denial and obedience [[Mark 8:34]].
* **Commissioning for Mission:** The call is never aimless; it is always connected to a purpose or mission. The disciples were **called** and then given power to heal and cast out spirits [[Mark 6:7]]. The Lord **called** Paul and his companions to preach the gospel in Macedonia [[Acts 16:10]]. The call serves as the official commissioning for service in God's kingdom.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4341}}` is a crucial term that defines the nature of God's summons. It is far more than a simple invitation; it is an authoritative call from a superior to a subordinate, demanding attention and a response. This act of calling is foundational to discipleship, the establishment of the church, and the commissioning of believers for their divine purpose. It illustrates the principle that God takes the initiative to call people into His presence to equip them for His work.
TRV