### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **áneu**, represented by `{{G427}}`, is a primary particle that means **without**. This word signifies absence or separation from a person, thing, or action. It appears **3 times** across **3 unique verses**, making each of its uses distinct and significant.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical occurrences, `{{G427}}` highlights concepts of divine sovereignty and the nature of Christian conduct. In Matthew, it is used to affirm God's providential care, stating that not even a single sparrow can fall to the ground **without** the Father's knowledge [[Matthew 10:29]]. The Apostle Peter uses the word twice: first, to explain that a disobedient husband can be won **without** a word through the conduct of his wife [[1 Peter 3:1]], and second, to instruct believers to show hospitality to one another **without** grudging [[1 Peter 4:9]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the contexts in which `{{G427}}` is found:
* `{{G1112}}` **gongysmós** (a grumbling): This word for "grudging" or "murmuring" is what believers are instructed to be **without** when practicing hospitality [[1 Peter 4:9]]. It points to a complaint or discontent that should be absent from Christian service.
* `{{G544}}` **apeithéō** (to disbelieve): This term, meaning to be "disobedient" or "obey not," describes the husbands in [[1 Peter 3:1]] who are to be won over **without** the word. Their disbelief stands in contrast to the powerful witness of a wife's godly behavior.
* `{{G3756}}` **ou** (no or not): As a primary negative adverb, `{{G3756}}` is often used to deny or negate an action. Its use alongside `{{G427}}` in [[Matthew 10:29]] ("shall **not** fall... **without** your Father") creates a powerful statement about God's complete oversight.
* `{{G391}}` **anastrophḗ** (behavior): This word for "conversation" or behavior is the means by which a wife may win her husband **without** a word, showing that a person's conduct is a form of witness [[1 Peter 3:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G427}}` is demonstrated in its specific applications:
* **Divine Sovereignty:** The statement that a sparrow does not fall **without** the Father underscores God's meticulous governance over all creation. Nothing in the world operates outside of His notice and permission [[Matthew 10:29]].
* **The Witness of Conduct:** The instruction in [[1 Peter 3:1]] elevates the importance of godly behavior (`{{G391}} anastrophḗ`). It teaches that a life lived in submission and purity can be a powerful evangelistic tool, even in the absence of verbal preaching.
* **Sincerity in Service:** By commanding believers to be hospitable **without** grudging `{{G1112}}`, scripture sets a standard for Christian fellowship. Acts of service are to be performed with a genuine and willing heart, free from complaint [[1 Peter 4:9]].
### Summary
In summary, the particle `{{G427}}` plays a crucial role in defining key theological truths. Though used sparingly, **áneu** provides a framework for understanding what should be absent in a believer's life and what is never absent from God's attention. It illustrates that the concepts of separation and absence are vital for understanding God's absolute sovereignty, the power of a silent witness, and the character of true Christian service.
TRV