a strengthened form of a primary prio (to saw); to saw in two:--saw asunder.
Transliteration:prízō
Pronunciation:prid'-zo
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb πρίζω (prízō, `{{G4249}}`) is a strengthened form of the primary verb πρίω (priō), which means "to saw." The addition of the zeta (ζ) intensifies the action, signifying a complete and often violent division. Thus, πρίζω specifically denotes the act of "sawing through" or "sawing in two." This is not merely the act of cutting wood, but implies a gruesome and often fatal application, such as dismemberment or a method of execution. The word carries strong connotations of extreme brutality and a horrific end, emphasizing the complete severing of a body.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word πρίζω (prízō, `{{G4249}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, in the book of Hebrews.
* [[Hebrews 11:37]]: "They were stoned, they were *sawn asunder*, were tempted, were slain with the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented."
In this powerful chapter, often referred to as the "faith chapter," the author recounts the trials and triumphs of numerous Old Testament figures who lived by faith. The inclusion of "sawn asunder" (ἐπρίσθησαν, the aorist passive indicative of πρίζω) in this litany of persecutions highlights the extreme and barbaric methods of torture and execution endured by the faithful. While not explicitly detailed in the canonical Old Testament, this specific form of martyrdom is widely attributed to the prophet Isaiah in Jewish tradition, notably in works such as the Martyrdom of Isaiah. The passive voice underscores that these individuals were the victims of such horrific acts, enduring them as a consequence of their steadfast allegiance to God. The context emphasizes the immense cost of unwavering faith and the severe opposition faced by God's servants throughout history.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **`{{G4248}}` (prion):** This related noun, meaning "a saw," is the instrument by which the action of πρίζω is performed. Understanding the physical tool helps to grasp the full horror implied by the verb.
* **Martyrdom:** The concept of πρίζω is directly linked to the theme of martyrdom, particularly the most brutal forms of execution endured for one's faith.
* **Persecution:** Broader terms related to suffering and oppression, such as `{{G2347}}` (thlipsis - tribulation, affliction) or `{{G3804}}` (pathēma - suffering), are conceptually connected, as πρίζω represents an extreme manifestation of persecution.
* **Endurance (`{{G5281}}` hypomonē):** The context of [[Hebrews 11:37]] highlights the extraordinary endurance of the faithful in the face of such atrocities.
* **Old Testament Prophets:** The traditional association with Isaiah's martyrdom connects this word to the suffering and witness of the Old Testament prophets.
### Theological Significance
The single occurrence of πρίζω (prízō, `{{G4249}}`) in [[Hebrews 11:37]] carries profound theological weight. It serves as a stark and sobering reminder of the extreme sacrifices and suffering that faith in God can entail. The inclusion of such a gruesome detail within the "hall of faith" underscores that genuine faithfulness is often tested through immense tribulation, even unto death. Theologically, this verse emphasizes:
1. **The Cost of Discipleship:** It vividly portrays the ultimate price some have paid for their allegiance to God, challenging believers to consider the depth of their own commitment.
2. **Divine Commendation of Suffering:** By including these martyrs among the heroes of faith, the author of Hebrews implicitly affirms God's recognition and commendation of those who endure extreme suffering for His name.
3. **The Sovereignty of God Amidst Evil:** While horrific, the suffering endured by these faithful ones is presented as part of a larger divine narrative, demonstrating God's ability to sustain His people even in the most dire circumstances.
4. **A Call to Steadfastness:** The example of those "sawn asunder" serves as an enduring inspiration for believers to remain steadfast in their faith, knowing that their trials are not unique and that a great cloud of witnesses has preceded them in suffering.
### Summary
The Greek word πρίζω (prízō, `{{G4249}}`) means "to saw in two" or "to saw asunder," denoting a particularly brutal and fatal method of execution. Its sole appearance in the New Testament, in [[Hebrews 11:37]], places it within a powerful enumeration of the extreme persecutions endured by faithful individuals throughout history, alluding to the traditional martyrdom of the prophet Isaiah. This term profoundly underscores the horrific cost of unwavering faith and the immense suffering faced by God's devoted servants. Theologically, πρίζω highlights the depth of commitment required by faith, the divine commendation of those who suffer for righteousness, and serves as a powerful call to steadfast endurance for believers across all generations.
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