πολύτιμος

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word polýtimos, represented by G4186, is derived from πολύς and τιμή and means extremely valuable. It is translated as "very costly" or "of great price." This specific adjective appears only 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible, used to describe objects of supreme, tangible worth.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The two occurrences of G4186 highlight its meaning in distinct contexts. In the Gospel of Matthew, it is used in a parable about the kingdom of heaven, describing a "pearl of great price" which a merchant finds and, in response, sells all that he has to buy it Matthew 13:46. In the Gospel of John, the term describes the "ointment of spikenard" that Mary used to anoint the feet of Jesus, noting that it was "very costly" John 12:3. In this instance, the house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide context for the items described as G4186:

• G3135 margarítēs (a pearl): This is the object described as being "of great price" in Matthew's parable Matthew 13:46. Pearls are used elsewhere to symbolize something of great value that should not be squandered Matthew 7:6 and as materials for the gates of the New Jerusalem Revelation 21:21.
• G3464 mýron (ointment): This is the substance identified as "very costly" in John's account of Mary anointing Jesus John 12:3. This perfumed oil is also mentioned in other narratives of women anointing Jesus (Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37-38).
• G3487 nárdos ("nard"): This term specifies the type of ointment used by Mary as spikenard John 12:3, a particularly valuable and fragrant perfume. It is also mentioned in a parallel account in Mark 14:3.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4186 is tied to its application in illustrating spiritual truths.

• The Supreme Value of the Kingdom: In the parable of the merchant, the "pearl of great price" symbolizes the kingdom of heaven, demonstrating that the kingdom is worth sacrificing everything to obtain Matthew 13:46.
• Sacrificial Worship: Mary's use of "very costly" ointment to anoint Jesus' feet is an act of extravagant devotion and worship John 12:3. The high value of the ointment underscores the depth of her reverence and love for Jesus.
• An Act of Honor: The use of such a G4186 item is an act of profound honor. By anointing Jesus' feet with the ointment, Mary bestows upon him an honor reserved for the most esteemed individuals.

Summary

In summary, G4186 is a powerful but rarely used adjective that signifies extreme value. Through its two appearances, it defines both a tangible object—the "very costly" ointment—and a symbolic one—the "pearl of great price." It serves to teach about the incomparable worth of the kingdom of heaven and to model the nature of sacrificial, heartfelt worship directed toward Jesus.