The Greek word perissóteros, represented by G4055, is a comparative term meaning more superabundant in number, degree, or character. It is translated as "more abundant," "greater," "much more," or "overmuch." It appears 12 times across 11 unique verses, serving to intensify or compare the concepts it modifies.
In biblical usage, G4055 often establishes a principle of proportionality. For example, those who devour widows' houses for a pretence are warned they will receive greater damnation (Matthew 23:14, Mark 12:40, Luke 20:47). It is used to define a level of responsibility, stating that to whom much is given, of him they will ask the more Luke 12:48. The word also clarifies status, as when Jesus describes John the Baptist as more than a prophet (Matthew 11:9, Luke 7:26). In a different context, Paul uses it to describe a state of intense emotion, expressing concern that a person might be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow 2 Corinthians 2:7.
Several related words help clarify the comparative function of G4055:
- G4183 polýs (much, many): This word often sets the baseline that G4055 exceeds. In Luke 12:48, the one to whom much is committed is the one of whom they will ask the more.
- G2917 kríma (damnation, judgment): This is the consequence that G4055 intensifies. The scribes and Pharisees face not just judgment, but greater damnation for their hypocrisy Mark 12:40.
- G5092 timḗ (honour, price): This is a quality that can be given in greater measure. Paul explains that God bestows more abundant honour on the parts of the body we think are less honourable 1 Corinthians 12:23.
The theological weight of G4055 is seen in how it defines degrees of spiritual reality.
- Divine Justice: The term underscores that judgment is not uniform but proportional. The "greater damnation" reserved for hypocrites demonstrates a justice that measures both the act and the pretense behind it Matthew 23:14.
- The Economy of Honor: In the body of Christ, worldly values are inverted. God gives "more abundant honour" to the parts deemed weaker or less presentable, highlighting a divine system where status is redefined 1 Corinthians 12:24.
- Heightened Responsibility: The principle that more will be asked of those given much establishes a clear connection between blessing and accountability, a foundational concept for stewardship Luke 12:48.
- Spiritual Hierarchy: By describing John the Baptist as "much more than a prophet," the word is used to elevate his specific role in preparing the way for the Lord, setting him apart from other prophets Luke 7:26.
In summary, G4055 is a crucial comparative adjective that does more than simply indicate a greater quantity. It serves to intensify consequences, elevate status, and establish principles of divine justice and responsibility. From the "greater damnation" facing the hypocritical to the "more abundant honour" given to the humble, perissóteros adds a critical layer of degree and significance to the biblical text.
TRV