The Greek word perispáō, represented by G4049, literally means to drag all around. Figuratively, it describes being distracted or cumbered by cares and duties. This specific term is exceptionally rare, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible, making its single usage particularly significant.
The sole appearance of G4049 is in the narrative of Martha, where she is described as being "cumbered about much serving" Luke 10:40. The word captures her state of mind—being pulled in multiple directions by her responsibilities. This distraction prompts her to approach the Lord and express her frustration that her sister has left her to serve alone, highlighting the weight of the duties that have overwhelmed her.
The context of G4049 is illuminated by several related Greek words found in the same verse:
- G1248 diakonía (service): This is the direct source of Martha's distraction. Defined as "attendance... service... ministry," it was the "much serving" that cumbered her Luke 10:40.
- G1247 diakonéō (to serve): This is the action Martha felt she was performing by herself. The word means "to be an attendant, i.e. wait upon... serve," which she points out her sister has left her to do alone Luke 10:40.
- G4878 synantilambánomai (help): This is the relief Martha seeks from her cumbered state. Meaning "to take hold of opposite together, i.e. co-operate (assist)," it is what she asks the Lord to command her sister to do Luke 10:40.
The theological weight of G4049 is concentrated in its single, poignant application.
- The Distraction of Service: The term illustrates how even well-intentioned acts of service G1248 can become a source of distraction, pulling one's attention away from other priorities. Martha is explicitly "cumbered" by this activity Luke 10:40.
- The Burden of Isolation: The state of being cumbered is linked to the feeling of being left to serve G1247 alone. This suggests that the burden is not just the service itself, but the sense of isolation in performing it Luke 10:40.
- A Catalyst for Appeal: Being cumbered drives Martha to seek intervention. Her distraction moves her to voice her complaint and ask for help G4878, showing that this state is an undesirable one that prompts a cry for relief Luke 10:40.
In summary, G4049 offers a powerful and concise description of being overwhelmed and distracted by duties. Its single use in Luke 10:40 effectively defines the state of being cumbered by service, providing a sharp contrast to a more focused form of devotion. The word encapsulates the tension that can arise between active service and the internal state of a disciple, showing how being "dragged all around" by tasks can lead to a plea for help.
TRV