from the present participle feminine of a compound of 4012 and εἰμί; being beyond usual, i.e. special (one's own):--peculiar.
Transliteration:perioúsios
Pronunciation:per-ee-oo'-see-os
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective G4041 (περιούσιος, *perioúsios*) derives from a compound of G4012 (περί, *peri*), meaning "around, about, beyond, exceedingly," and the verb εἰμί (*eimi*), "to be." This etymological foundation points to a meaning of "being beyond the ordinary," "being above," or "being more than usual." Consequently, it conveys the sense of something superlative, exceptional, or uniquely belonging to someone. Its core semantic range encompasses "special," "peculiar," "one's own," or "treasured possession." The word emphasizes exclusivity and value, denoting that which is set apart as a unique possession or object of particular regard. In the Septuagint (LXX), G4041 is frequently used to translate the Hebrew term *segullah* (סְגֻלָּה, `{{H5459}}`), which signifies a "treasured possession," "peculiar treasure," or "private property," particularly in the context of God's relationship with Israel.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the New Testament, G4041 appears only once, in [[Titus 2:14]]: "who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself His own special people, zealous for good works."
The context of [[Titus 2:14]] is profoundly theological, describing the purpose and outcome of Christ's atoning work. The phrase "His own special people" (λαὸν περιούσιον, *laon perioúsion*) directly echoes the Old Testament declarations concerning Israel as God's chosen and treasured possession. The verse states that Jesus Christ "gave Himself for us" (ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν), highlighting the sacrificial nature of His redemption. This act of redemption has a dual purpose: to "redeem us from every lawless deed" (ἵνα λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας) and to "purify for Himself His own special people" (καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἑαυτῷ λαὸν περιούσιον). The purification (καθαρίσῃ, *katharisē*) indicates a moral and spiritual cleansing, making the redeemed fit for their new status. The term *perioúsios* here underscores that these purified individuals are not merely forgiven, but are actively constituted as a unique possession belonging exclusively to Christ, distinct from the world, and dedicated to Him. Their identity as "special people" is intrinsically linked to their new ethical disposition: being "zealous for good works" (ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων).
### Related Words & Concepts
The most significant related term is the Hebrew *segullah* (סְגֻלָּה, `{{H5459}}`), which G4041 consistently translates in the Septuagint. This connection is vital for understanding the background and depth of the New Testament usage.
* **Old Testament Usage of *Segullah* (`{{H5459}}`):**
* [[Exodus 19:5]]: "Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to Me above all people; for all the earth is Mine." Here, Israel's status as God's *segullah* is conditional upon their obedience to the covenant.
* [[Deuteronomy 7:6]]: "For you are a holy people to the LORD your God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for Himself, a special treasure above all the peoples on the face of the earth." This emphasizes God's sovereign choice.
* [[Deuteronomy 14:2]], [[Deuteronomy 26:18]], [[Psalm 135:4]], [[Malachi 3:17]] further reinforce the concept of Israel as God's peculiar, treasured possession.
* **New Testament Connections:**
* G2976 (λαός, *laos*): "people," which is qualified by G4041 to denote a *special* people.
* G1588 (ἐκλεκτός, *eklektos*): "chosen," a concept closely aligned with the idea of a "peculiar people" who are divinely selected.
* G40 (ἁγιάζω, *hagiazō*): "to sanctify" or G2511 (καθαρίζω, *katharizō*): "to purify," which describes the process by which Christ makes His people "special."
* G3083 (λυτρόω, *lutroō*): "to redeem," underscoring the means by which this special status is acquired.
* G4748 (στοιχεῖον, *stoicheion*): "element," in the sense of basic principles or spiritual powers. In [[Galatians 4:9]], believers are warned against returning to "weak and beggarly elements," highlighting the freedom gained from being Christ's own.
The concept of a "royal priesthood" and "holy nation" in [[1 Peter 2:9]] also resonates strongly with the identity of a *perioúsios* people, emphasizing their distinctiveness and purpose.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of G4041 is profound, encapsulating key doctrines of redemption, identity, and divine purpose.
1. **Divine Ownership and Value:** The term underscores God's unique claim and ownership over His people. They are not merely forgiven sinners, but are Christ's exclusive, highly valued possession, purchased at the immense cost of His own life. This speaks to the immeasurable worth God places upon those He redeems.
2. **Redemptive Purpose:** Christ's sacrifice was not merely to rescue humanity *from* sin, but *for* Himself. The purification mentioned in [[Titus 2:14]] is an act of setting apart and cleansing, making the redeemed fit to be His own. This highlights an active, transformative aspect of salvation that goes beyond mere justification.
3. **Continuity and Fulfillment of Covenant:** G4041 acts as a crucial bridge between the Old and New Covenants. The promise to Israel as God's *segullah* (`{{H5459}}`) is seen fulfilled and extended to the Church, comprised of both Jews and Gentiles, through the new covenant established in Christ's blood. This signifies that the Church is the true inheritor of God's covenant promises and the recipient of His peculiar favor.
4. **Distinct Identity and Ethical Calling:** As a "special people," believers are called to live a life that reflects their unique relationship with God. They are to be distinct from the world, not conforming to its "lawless deeds," but instead being "zealous for good works." This identity confers a profound responsibility to live in a manner consistent with their divine ownership and purpose, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel.
### Summary
G4041 (περιούσιος, *perioúsios*) signifies a "special," "peculiar," or "treasured possession," emphasizing exclusivity and high value. Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[Titus 2:14]] describes believers as Christ's "own special people," purified and redeemed by His sacrifice. This term is deeply rooted in the Old Testament concept of Israel as God's *segullah* (`{{H5459}}`), His unique and treasured possession. Theologically, G4041 highlights God's divine ownership over His redeemed people, purchased at immense cost, and underscores the transformative purpose of Christ's redemption: to create a purified community set apart for His service. It defines the Church's distinct identity and ethical calling, compelling believers to live lives "zealous for good works," reflecting their unique and precious status as Christ's own.
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