The Greek word pelekízō, represented by G3990, means to chop off (the head), i.e. truncate:--behead. It is derived from a word meaning an axe. This specific and graphic term appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible, highlighting a very particular form of martyrdom.
The sole use of G3990 is found in the apocalyptic vision of Revelation. John sees the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their faithfulness Revelation 20:4. This act of execution is directly linked to their refusal to abandon their commitment to Christ, specifically "for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God" Revelation 20:4. The context frames this ultimate physical sacrifice as a precursor to their spiritual reward of living and reigning with Christ.
Several related words in the surrounding text clarify the reason for this severe persecution:
- G1223 diá: This is a primary preposition meaning through... by, for (cause). In the context of the beheading, it establishes the reason for the execution. The martyrs died "for" or "because of" their testimony Revelation 20:4, just as believers are saved "through" faith Ephesians 2:8.
- G3141 martyría: This word means evidence given... record, report, testimony, witness. It is the "witness" or "testimony" of Jesus for which the saints were beheaded Revelation 20:4. This same testimony is what believers are called to hold Revelation 12:17.
- G3056 lógos: Defined as something said... doctrine... utterance, word, work, this term is central to the Christian faith. The martyrs were executed for the "word of God" Revelation 20:4, which is described elsewhere as powerful and eternal (Hebrews 4:12, John 1:1).
The theological significance of G3990 is profound, despite its single appearance. It points directly to the cost of discipleship and the value of faith.
- The Ultimate Sacrifice: To be beheaded is to pay the highest possible price for one's convictions. This action is explicitly tied to holding the "witness of Jesus" and the "word of God" Revelation 20:4.
- Faithfulness Under Persecution: The verse describes those who were beheaded as the same individuals who had not worshipped the beast or his image Revelation 20:4. Their execution is the consequence of their unwavering loyalty to God in the face of immense pressure.
- Vindication of the Martyrs: The narrative does not end with the execution. Those who were beheaded are seen living and reigning with Christ, showing that their sacrifice for their testimony leads to ultimate victory and honor Revelation 20:4.
In summary, G3990 is a stark and singular term in the biblical text. While its literal meaning is simply to "behead," its usage in Revelation 20:4 transforms it into a powerful symbol of martyrdom. It represents the most extreme cost of maintaining one's "testimony" G3141 and devotion to the "word" G3056 of God, illustrating that such ultimate faithfulness is met with the promise of resurrection and glory.
TRV