as if feminine of a derivative of πατήρ; paternal descent, i.e. (concretely) a group of families or a whole race (nation):--family, kindred, lineage.
Transliteration:patriá
Pronunciation:pat-ree-ah'
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word πατριά (G3965), transliterated as patriá, derives from πατήρ (patēr, `{{G3962}}`), meaning "father." Its core meaning centers on "paternal descent," signifying a grouping defined by a common ancestor or progenitor. The semantic range of πατριά extends to encompass a "group of families," "kindred," "lineage," or even a "whole race" or "nation." It captures the concept of a collective identity formed through shared ancestry, tracing back to a common male head.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
Πατριά appears a few times in the New Testament, each instance illuminating its nuanced meaning:
* In [[Luke 2:4]], Joseph is described as being "of the house and lineage" (ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς) of David. Here, πατριά clearly refers to the ancestral line or lineage, emphasizing Joseph's specific genealogical connection to King David, which is crucial for establishing Jesus' messianic credentials.
* [[Acts 3:25]] quotes the Abrahamic covenant: "And in your offspring shall all the families (πᾶσαι αἱ πατριαὶ) of the earth be blessed." In this context, πατριά takes on a broader meaning, referring to the diverse ethnic groups or nations of the world. This usage highlights the universal scope of God's redemptive plan, extending beyond Israel to all peoples.
* Perhaps the most theologically significant use is in [[Ephesians 3:15]], where Paul states that "from whom every family (πᾶσα πατριὰ) in heaven and on earth is named." This verse profoundly expands the concept of πατριά beyond human earthly lineages. It suggests that every divinely constituted group, whether human or angelic, derives its very name, identity, and existence from God, the ultimate Father. This points to God as the foundational source of all order and relationships in the cosmos.
### Related Words & Concepts
The understanding of πατριά is enriched by its relationship to other biblical terms:
* πατήρ (patēr, `{{G3962}}`): The direct root, emphasizing the "father" as the head or origin of the group.
* οἶκος (oikos, `{{G3624}}`): "House" or "household." While οἶκος can refer to a family unit, πατριά specifically emphasizes the *lineage* or *descent* aspect.
* γένος (genos, `{{G1085}}`): "Race," "kind," or "offspring." Similar to πατριά in denoting a group by birth, but πατριά distinctly highlights the *paternal* line.
* φυλή (phylē, `{{G5443}}`): "Tribe." Often used for the tribes of Israel, φυλή and πατριά can sometimes overlap when referring to large kinship groups, though πατριά retains its emphasis on common paternal descent.
* Covenant: The concept of πατριά is deeply interwoven with the biblical covenants, particularly the Abrahamic covenant, where the promise of blessing extends to "all the families of the earth" ([[Acts 3:25]]), underscoring the universal reach of God's redemptive purpose.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of πατριά is multifaceted:
* **Divine Fatherhood:** The most profound theological implication stems from [[Ephesians 3:15]]. Paul's declaration that "every πατριά in heaven and on earth is named" from God the Father establishes God as the ultimate source and origin of all created groupings. This elevates the concept of fatherhood from a human, biological reality to a cosmic, divine attribute, asserting God's sovereign headship over all existence.
* **Universal Scope of Redemption:** The usage in [[Acts 3:25]] highlights the inclusive nature of God's redemptive plan. The blessing promised to Abraham's offspring is not confined to a single πατριά (Israel) but extends universally to "all the families of the earth," signaling the global reach of the gospel.
* **Messianic Lineage:** In [[Luke 2:4]], πατριά underscores the historical and genealogical grounding of the incarnation. Jesus' belonging to the πατριά of David fulfills Old Testament prophecies, affirming His legitimate claim as the Messiah. This emphasizes the importance of historical continuity and divine faithfulness in the unfolding of salvation history.
* **Identity and Belonging:** Πατριά speaks to the fundamental human need for identity and belonging within a larger group, rooted in shared ancestry. Biblically, this ultimately points to God as the supreme Father, the ultimate source of identity and belonging for all humanity and indeed all creation.
### Summary
The Greek word πατριά (G3965) signifies a grouping based on "paternal descent," encompassing concepts ranging from a specific "lineage" or "family" to a broader "race" or "nation." Its usage in the New Testament reveals its importance in establishing the historical reality of Jesus' Davidic πατριά ([[Luke 2:4]]), highlighting the universal scope of God's covenant blessings to all the πατριά of the earth ([[Acts 3:25]]), and most profoundly, asserting God's ultimate fatherhood over "every πατριά in heaven and on earth" ([[Ephesians 3:15]]). Thus, πατριά serves as a rich theological term, connecting human genealogical realities to the cosmic truth of God's ultimate fatherhood and His all-encompassing redemptive plan.
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